American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 143, No. 7: 707-717
Copyright © 1996 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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Ethylene Glycol Ethers and Risks of Spontaneous Abortion and Subfertility
1Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health Baltimore, MD
2Department of Population Dynamics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health Baltimore, MD
3Department of Environmental Hearth Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health Baltimore, MD
Reprint requests to Dr. Adolfo Correa, Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205.
Potential reproductive effects from occupational exposures to ethylene glycol ethers (EGE) are of concern since these organic solvents have been used widely in industry, and their reproductive toxicity has been well documented in animal studies. For determination of whether occupational exposure to EGE was associated with increased risks of spontaneous abortion and subferttlity (i.e., taking more than 1 year of unprotected intercourse to conceive), a retrospective cohort study was conducted among workers at two semiconductor manufacturing plants in the eastern United States in 1980–1989 as part of a larger evaluation of reproductive health. Reproductive and occupational histories were obtained from interviews of semiconductor manufacturing workers and spouses. Assessment of potential exposure to mixtures containing EGE (none, low, medium, and high) was based on reported processes and company records. There were 1,150 pregnancies to semiconductor manufacturers, 561 to female employees and 589 to wives of male employees. Among female manufacturers, potential exposure to mixtures containing EGE was associated with increased risks of spontaneous abortion (relative risk in the high exposure group = 2.8; 95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.4–5.6) and subfertility (odds ratio in the high exposure group = 4.6; 95% Cl 1.6–13.3). Both of these risks exhibited a dose-response relation with potential EGE exposure (p for trend = 0.02). Among spouses of male manufacturers potentially exposed to mixtures containing EGE, there was no increased risk of spontaneous abortion, but there was a nonsignificant increased risk of subfertility (odds ratio in the high exposure group = 1.7; 95% Cl 0.7–4.3).
ethylene glycols; occupational exposure; eproduction
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