American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 143, No. 6: 543-552
Copyright © 1996 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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Breast Cancer and Lactation History in Mexican Women
1Centro Pan-Americano de Ecologia Humana y Salud, Organiza-cion Pan-Americana de la Salud Metepec, Mexico State, Mexico
2Centra de Investigaciones en Salud Publica, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
3Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Mexico City, Distrito Federal, Mexico
Reprint requests to Dr. Mauricio Hernandez-Avila, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Santa Maria Ahuacatitlan, C.P. 62508 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
The authors conducted a case-control study in Mexico City between September 1990 and December 1992 to determine whether a dose-response relation could be observed between duration of lactation and the risk of breast cancer. Cases, women aged 20–75 years, were identified through six hospitals in Mexico City (n = 349) and were interviewed to obtain data on risk factors for breast cancer, including a detailed history of lactation. Controls (n = 1,005) were selected from the general population using the Mexican national sampling frame. Parous women who had ever lactated had a reduction in breast cancer risk (age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.39, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 0.25–0.62). A small decreasing trend of breast cancer risk in relation to duration of lactation (p < 0.001) was observed. Compared with parous women who had never breast-fed, women who had breast-fed for 12–24 months had an age-adjusted odds ratio of 0.47 (95% Cl 0.27–0.83). A stronger protective effect was observed with lactation duration for the first live birth among pre- and postmenopausal women (for 4–12 months of lactation, OR = 0.56 (95 percent Cl 0.32–0.96) and OR = 0.48 (95 percent Cl 0.29–0.81) in pre- and postmenopausal women, respectively). Adjusting for potentially confounding factors modified these results only slightly. The declining trend in fertility and lactation among Mexican women could lead to a major epidemic of breast cancer such as that observed in Western countries.
breast feeding; breast neoplasms; lactation
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