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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 143, No. 5: 514-521
Copyright © 1996 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

other

Measurement of Exposure to Nutrients: An Approach to the Selection of Informative Foods

Steven D. Mark1,, Donald G. Thomas1 and Adriano Decarli2

1Biostatistics Branch, National Cancer Institute Bethesda, MD
2Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria, University of Milan, and Istituto Nationole Tumore Milan, Italy

Correspondence to Dr. Steven D. Mark, Biostatistics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Executive Plaza North, Room 403, 6130 Executive Blvd., MSC 7368, Bethesda, MD 20892–7368.

Frequently, epidemiologic questionnaires are designed to measure several individual level exposures, including exposure to one or more nutrients. Although most nutrients are contained in a large number of foods, constraints on questionnaire length permit the inclusion of only a subset of these. In this paper, the authors review the two common methods of food selection, and they propose two new methods. When the intent is to estimate the effect of the nutrient on disease risk using a logistic regression model, the authors show that their Max_r method is optimal. With the use of case-control data, they examine the assumption of non-differential measurement error that is essential to the validity of all analyses that rely on shortened questionnaires. They conclude by combining the statistical considerations developed for judging adequacy of a selection method with their empirical results and suggest new goals for dietary questionnaires and a new approach to questionnaire construction consistent with those goals. Am J Epidemiol 1996;143:514–21.

diet; epidemiologic methods; measurement error; misclassification; nutrition; questionnaires


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