American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 143, No. 5: 487-495
Copyright © 1996 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
other |
Relation between Geographic Variability in Kidney Stones Prevalence and Risk Factors for Stones
1Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University Atlanta, GA.
2Renal Division, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA.
3Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, American Cancer Society Atlanta, GA.
Reprint requests to Dr. J. Michael Soucie, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Department of Epidemiology, 1518 Clifton Road, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30322.
To determine whether geographic variability in rates of kidney stones in the United States was attributable to differences in personal and environmental exposures, the authors examined cross-sectional data that included information on self-reported, physician-diagnosed kidney stones collected from 1,167,009 men and women, aged 
30 years, recruited nationally in 1982. Information on risk factors for stones including age, race, education, body mass, hypertension, and diuretic and vitamin C supplement use was obtained by self administered questionnaire. Consumption of milk, coffee, tea, soft drinks, and alcohol was based on food frequency data. Indices of ambient temperature and sunlight level were assigned to subjects based on state of residence. Stones were nearly twice as prevalent in the Southeast as in the Northwest among men and women. Ambient temperature and sunlight indices were independently associated with stones prevalence after controlling for other risk factors for stones. Regional variation was eliminated for men and greatly reduced for women after adjustment for temperature, sunlight, and beverage consumption. Other factors appeared to not contribute to regional variation. These results provide evidence that ambient temperature and sunlight levels are important risk factors for stones and that differences in exposure to temperature and sunlight and beverages may contribute to geographic variability. Am J Epidemiol 1996;143:487–95.
geography; kidney calculi; risk factors; urolithiasis
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  A. D. Rule, E. J. Bergstralh, L. J. Melton III, X. Li, A. L. Weaver, and J. C. Lieske Kidney Stones and the Risk for Chronic Kidney Disease Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., April 1, 2009; 4(4): 804 - 811. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. A. Chakkera, G. M. Chertow, A. M. O'Hare, W. J. Amend Jr., and T. A. Gonwa Regional Variation in Kidney Transplant Outcomes: Trends Over Time Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., January 1, 2009; 4(1): 152 - 159. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. H. Brikowski, Y. Lotan, and M. S. Pearle Climate-related increase in the prevalence of urolithiasis in the United States PNAS, July 15, 2008; 105(28): 9841 - 9846. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. R. Vartanian, M. B. Schwartz, and K. D. Brownell Effects of Soft Drink Consumption on Nutrition and Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Am J Public Health, April 1, 2007; 97(4): 667 - 675. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. C. CURHAN, W. C. WILLETT, F. E. SPEIZER, and M. J. STAMPFER Intake of Vitamins B6 and C and the Risk of Kidney Stones in Women J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., April 1, 1999; 10(4): 840 - 845. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. Simon and E. S. Hudes Relation of Serum Ascorbic Acid to Serum Vitamin B12, Serum Ferritin, and Kidney Stones in US Adults Arch Intern Med, March 22, 1999; 159(6): 619 - 624. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|