American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 143, No. 12: 1229-1234
Copyright © 1996 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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Case-Control Study of Periconceptional Folic Acid Supplementation and Oral Clefts
1Department of Veterans Affairs, Hearth Services Research and Development Service VAOPC Boston, MA
2Tufts University School of Dental Medicine Boston, MA
3Slone Epidemiology Unit, Boston University School of Public Hearth Boston, MA
4Harvard University School of Public Health Boston, MA
Reprint requests to Dr. Catherine Hayes, Department of General Dentistry, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111.
There is consistent evidence that the risk of neural tube defects is decreased by periconceptional supplementation with folic acid. A similar protective effect has been postulated for oral clefts. A case-control study was conducted in greater metropolitan Boston, Massachusetts; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and southeastern Ontario, Canada, from 1988 through 1991 to test the hypothesis that folic acid supplementation during the periconceptional period reduces the risk of oral clefts. Crude and multivariate-adjusted relative risks were calculated for all oral clefts (n = 303), cleft palate (n = 108), and cleft lip with or without cleft palate (n = 195). Controls (n = 1, 167) were livebom or stillborn infants less than age 6 months who had various congenital anomalies other than oral clefts, neural tube defects, or other "midline defects." Adjusted relative risks and 95 percent confidence intervals for daily folic acid supplementation during the periconceptional period were: oral clefts, 1.1 (95% confidence interval (Cl) 0.8–1.7), cleft palate, 0.9 (95% Cl 0.5–1.6), and cleft lip with or without cleft palate, 1.3 (95% Cl 0.8–2.1). These findings do not support a protective association between the periconceptional use of folic acid supplements and the risk of oral clefts. Am J Epidemiol 1996; 143: 1229–34.
cleft lip; cleft palate; pregnancy; vitamins
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