American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 142, No. 9: 925-934
Copyright © 1995 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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Relation of Sex Hormones and Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEA-SO4) to Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Postmenopausal Women
1Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX.
2University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Science Center Madison, WI
3Department of Ophthalmology, University of Wisconsin Medical School Madison, WI.
Reprint requests to Dr. Polly A. Newcomb, University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Room 4760, Medical Science Center, 1300 University Avenue, Madison WI 53706.
Sex hormones play a major role in determining the risk of cardiovascular disease. While several studies have shown that reduced sex hormone-binding globulin is associated with an atherogenic pattern of lipoproteins and increased glucose concentrations in premenopausal women, little data are available examining the association of sex hormone-binding globulin and sex hormones with cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women, a group with high rates of cardiovascular disease. The investigators hypothesized that in postmenopausal women decreased sex hormone-binding globulin and increased testosterone would be associated with an atherogenic pattern of cardiovascular risk factors. The sex hormone-binding globulin, total and free testosterone, estrone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-SO4) in 253 postmenopausal women who were not taking hormones were measured in a population-based study, the Beaver Dam Eye Study (Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, 1988–1990). Sex hormone-binding globulin was significantly inversely correlated with body mass index (r = –0.53, p < 0.001), glycosylated hemoglobin (r = –0.34, p < 0.001), and diastolic blood pressure (r = –0.25, p < 0.01), and positively correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL cholesterol) (r = 0.31, p < 0.001), and HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol (r = 0.31, p < 0.001). Total (r = –;0.20, p < 0.01) and free (r = –0.14, p < 0.05) testosterone were significantly inversely correlated with HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio. Total testosterone concentrations were also significantly positively correlated with total cholesterol (r = 0.15), body mass index (r = 0.16), and systolic (r = 0.17) and diastolic (r = 0.18) blood pressures (all p < 0.01). DHEA-SO4 was not associated with any of the metabolic variables, while estrone was inversely associated only with the HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio (r = 0.13, p < 0.05). The authors conclude that increased androgenization in postmenopausal women is associated with atherogenic changes in cardiovascular risk factors.
blood pressure; DHEA-SO4; estrone; HDL cholesterol; obesity; sex hormone-binding globulin; testosterone
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