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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 142, No. 9: 889-903
Copyright © 1995 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

other

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AS AN INDEX OF HEART ATTACK RISK IN COLLEGE ALUMNI

RALPH S. PAFFENBARGER, JR., ALVIN L. WING and ROBERT T. HYDE

University of California School of Public Health Berkeley, CA and Harvard University School of Public Health Boston, MA

Reprint requests to Dr. Paffenbarger, Professor of Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305

Risk of first heart attack was found to be related inversely to energy expenditure reported by 16,936 Harvard male alumni, aged 35–74 years, of whom 572 experienced heart attacks in 117,680 person-years of followup. Stairs climbed, blocks walked, strenuous sports played, and a composite physical activity index all opposed risk. Men with index below 2000 kilocalories per week were at 64% higher risk than classmates with higher Index. Adult exercise was independent other influences on heart attack risk, and peak exertion as strenuous sports play enhanced the effect of total energy expenditure. Notably, alumni physical activity supplanted student athleticisn; assessed in college 16–50 years earlier. If it is postulated that varsity athlete status implies selective cardiovascular fitness, such selection alone is insufficient to explain lower heart attack risk in later adult years. Ex-varsity athletes retained lower risk only if they maintained high physical activity Index as alumni.

coronary disease; hypertension; kilocalories; obesity; physical fitness; smoking; sports


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