American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 142, No. 7: 738-745
Copyright © 1995 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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Associations of 
-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase Genotype with Plant, Exposure Duration, and Blood Lead and Zinc Protoporphyrin Levels in Korean Lead Workers
1Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of Occupational Health Baltimore, MD.
2Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health Baltimore, MD.
3Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore, MD.
4Department of Preventive Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Chonan, Republic of Korea.
5Occupational Health Program, Department of Environmental Health and Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard School of Public Health Boston, MA.
Previous studies have suggested that polymorphisms in 
-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), a heme synthetic enzyme, may be associated with differences in blood lead levels, perhaps due to differential binding of lead in erythrocytes. The authors examined associations of ALAD genotype with blood lead and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) levels, exposure duration, sex, and plant in 308 currently exposed lead workers in three lead storage battery manufacturing plants in the Republic of Korea in 1993. The overall prevalence of the variant allele, ALAD2, was 11%, but prevalence varied by plant (
= 0.02: 8.6% in plant A, 20% in plant B, and 22% in plant C). While ALAD2 was not associated with mean blood lead levels, the allele was associated with blood lead levels greater than or equal to 40 µg/dl (crude odds ratio (OR) = 2.6, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.1–6.3; adjusted OR = 2.3, 95% Cl 0.8–6.2, with adjustment for sex, plant, and exposure duration) and with exposure durations greater than 6 years (adjusted OR = 2.5, 95% Cl 1.2–5.4, with adjustment for blood lead, sex, and plant). Among workers in plant C, the highest exposure plant, ALAD2 was associated with lower ZPP levels when controlling for blood lead levels. These data suggest that lead toxicokinetics may be modified by ALAD genotype and that ALAD2 may be protective for the health effects of lead. ALAD genotype also appears to have been a selection factor for current lead exposure status in the studied workers. Am J Epidemiol 1995; 142:738–45.
aminolevulinic acid dehydratase;; cross-sectional studies;; lead;; protoporphyrins.
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