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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 142, No. 2: 158-165
Copyright © 1995 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

other

Case-Control Study of Passive Smoking and the Risk of Small-for-Gestational-Age at Term

Lucia H. Chen1 and Diana B. Petitti2,

1School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, CA.
2Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA.

Reprint requests to Dr Diana B Petitti, 393 East Walnut Street/991, Pasadena, CA 91188.

There is concern about the effects of passive smoking during pregnancy on fetal growth. The authors conducted a case-control study of the association of maternal exposure to passive smoking during pregnancy and the risk of term small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants in a population of white women who did not smoke during pregnancy and had only a small percentage of users of illegal drugs and alcohol. A total of 111 cases, defined as singleton term (≥37 weeks) infants with birth weights ≤10th percentile for gestational age were compared with 124 term, non-SGA controls. All were identified from Contra Costa, California birth certificates for January 1-September 30, 1991. Subjects were interviewed face-to-face to collect information on exposure to passive smoking during pregnancy. The estimated relative risk for term SGA in association with passive smoke exposure during pregnancy was not increased (≥30 hours: odds ratio (OR) = 0.41, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 0.12–1.29) and the risk of term SGA did not increase with increasing hours of exposure to passive smoking. Controlling for panty, weight gain, prepregnancy weight, maternal age, prenatal care, education, income, alcohol consumption, and work during pregnancy in multivanate analysis did not change the findings (≥30 hours: OR = 0.47, 95% Cl 0.13–1.69). In this study, maternal exposure to passive smoking during pregnancy was not associated with an increased risk of term SGA. Although difficulties in precisely assessing exposure limit these findings, they should provide some reassurance to women who cannot avoid passive exposure to cigarette smoking during pregnancy.

birth weight; infant; low birth weight; infant; small for gestational age; smoking; passive


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