American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 142, No. 2: 141-148
Copyright © 1995 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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Relation between Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Lung Cancer in Lifetime Nonsmokers
1Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY
2Division of Epidemiology, American Health Foundation New York, NY
Reprint requests to Dr Geoffrey C. Kabat, Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Belfer Building Rm. 1302, 1300 Morns Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461-1601.
To assess the relation between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke throughout life and lung cancer in lifetime nonsmokers, the authors conducted in-person interviews with 41 male and 69 female never-smoking lung cancer cases and 117 male and 187 female never-smoking controls between 1983 and 1990 as part of a hospital-based case-control study of tobacco-related cancers. Cases had newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed primary carcinoma of the lung. Controls were matched to cases on age (±5 years), sex, race, hospital, and year of interview. Subjects were asked about environmental tobacco smoke exposure in childhood, in adulthood at home, in different jobs, and in transportation and social situations. In addition to amount smoked by family members in the subject's presence, subjects were asked to rate the intensity of each exposure, and marned subjects were asked whether their spouse smoked in the bedroom. Several independent indicators of exposure to smoking by spouses were strongly correlated, thereby increasing confidence in the classification of exposure status. The reproducibility of environmental tobacco smoke variables was good for qualitative measures (yes/no), in agreement with previous studies. There were few associations of exposure in specific settings with lung cancer. Males whose wives smoked had an odds ratio of 1.60 (95% confidence interval (Cl) 0.67–3.82) and females whose husbands smoked had an odds ratio of 1.08 (95% Cl 0.60–1.94). While this study had limited sample size, the pattern of odds ratios shows little indication of an association of environmental tobacco smoke with lung cancer in nonsmokers.
case-control studies; lung neoplasms; smoking; tobacco smoke pollution
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