American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 139, No. 7: 734-740
Copyright © 1994 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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Risk Factors for Cryptosporidlum Diarrhea in Early Childhood: A Case Study from Guinea-Blssau, West Africa
1Epidemiology Research Unit Statens Seruminstitut Copenhagen Denmark
2Laboratory of Parasitology Department of Infection-Immunology Statens Seruminstitut Copenhagen Denmark
3National Public Health Laboratory Bissau Guinea-Bissau
Reprint requests to Dr. Káre Mølbak, Epidemiology Research Unit, Statens Seruminstitut, Artillerivej 5, DX-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
Cyptosporidium is increasingly recognized as an important agent of diarrhea in normal and immunocompromised humans. In young children in developing countries the parasite is a cause of persistent diarrhea with an associated excess mortality. To elucidate possible determinants of cryptosporidiosis, an open cohort of young children from a semiurban area of the capital of Guinea-Bissau was followed for 2 years. Data about possible risk factors were recorded each month, and a nested case-control study of 125 children with Cryptosporidium diarrhea and an equal number of matched controls was conducted. The following risk factors were identified by conditional multiple logistic regression: keeping of pigs (odds ratio (OR) = 2.5, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.4–4.7) and dogs (OR – 2.1, 95% Cl 1 .0–4.2) in the household, storage of cooked food for later consumption (OR = 1.8, 95% Cl 1.0–3.3), and child's sex (OR for boys = 1.9, 95% Cl 1.0–3.4). Breast feeding was protective (OR = 0.3, 95% Cl 0.1–1.1). The findings pro vide clues for interventions against this major cause of childhood diarrhea and give suggestions for further studies.
animals; breast feeding; case-control studies; Cryptosporidium; diarrhea; food; risk factors
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