American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 139, No. 1: 64-76
Copyright © 1994 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
research-article |
Age at Natural Menopause and Sociodemographic Status in Finland
1 Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki Finland
2 Department of Social Psychology, University of Helsinki Finland
Reprint requests to Dr. Ritta Luoto, Department of Public Health, Postbox 25, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Differences in age at natural menopause by occupation, education, and place of residence were examined using a cross-sectional population sample of Finnish women aged 45–64 years (n = 1,713, response rate 86%). The sample was selected at random from the Finnish Population Register in 1989 (final n = 1,505, 75%). Kaplan-Meier estimates showed the median age at natural menopause to be 51 years for all women (95% confidence interval (CI) 50.6–51.4). The median menopausal age of smokers and nulliparous women was 50 years; that of nonsmokers and women whose first full-term pregnancy occurred before the age of 25 years was 52 years. Differences between occupational and educational groups were statistically significant (Mantel-Cox test for occupation, p < 0.02; for education, p < 0.03). In the Cox proportional hazards model, the odds ratio of the occurrence of natural menopause among upper white-collar women was 0.74 (95% CI 0.57–0.96) and among the most educated women (education > 11 years) it was 0.75 (95% CI 0.59–0.96), adjusted to reflect smoking, use of hormones, body mass index, and age at first full-term pregnancy. Sociodemographic variables appear to be associated with age at natural menopause in a representative sample of Finnish women. Am J Epidemiol 1994;139.64–76.
menopause; socioeconomic factors; women
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  F. J. Broekmans, M. R. Soules, and B. C. Fauser Ovarian Aging: Mechanisms and Clinical Consequences Endocr. Rev., August 1, 2009; 30(5): 465 - 493. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B Cassou, L Mandereau, P Aegerter, A Touranchet, and F Derriennic Work-related Factors Associated with Age at Natural Menopause in a Generation of French Gainfully Employed Women Am. J. Epidemiol., August 15, 2007; 166(4): 429 - 438. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. S. Kok, K. M. van Asselt, Y. T. van der Schouw, P. H.M. Peeters, and C. Wijmenga Genetic studies to identify genes underlying menopausal age Hum. Reprod. Update, September 1, 2005; 11(5): 483 - 493. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. W. Rau, D. B. Dubal, M. Bottner, and P. M. Wise Estradiol Differentially Regulates c-Fos after Focal Cerebral Ischemia J. Neurosci., November 19, 2003; 23(33): 10487 - 10494. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. R. Palmer, L. Rosenberg, L. A. Wise, N. J. Horton, and L. L. Adams-Campbell Onset of Natural Menopause in African American Women Am J Public Health, February 1, 2003; 93(2): 299 - 306. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Gorai, K. Tanaka, M. Inada, H. Morinaga, Y. Uchiyama, R. Kikuchi, O. Chaki, and F. Hirahara Estrogen-Metabolizing Gene Polymorphisms, But Not Estrogen Receptor-{alpha} Gene Polymorphisms, Are Associated with the Onset of Menarche in Healthy Postmenopausal Japanese Women J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2003; 88(2): 799 - 803. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.L. Luborsky, P. Meyer, M.F. Sowers, E.B. Gold, and N. Santoro Premature menopause in a multi-ethnic population study of the menopause transition Hum. Reprod., January 1, 2003; 18(1): 199 - 206. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L A Wise, N Krieger, S Zierler, and B L Harlow Lifetime socioeconomic position in relation to onset of perimenopause J Epidemiol Community Health, November 1, 2002; 56(11): 851 - 860. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Hardy and D. Kuh Does early growth influence timing of the menopause? Evidence from a British birth cohort Hum. Reprod., September 1, 2002; 17(9): 2474 - 2479. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. A. J. Vaziri, L. M. Krumroy, P. Elson, G. T. Budd, G. Darlington, J. Myles, R. R. Tubbs, and G. Casey Breast Tumor Immunophenotype of BRCA1-Mutation Carriers Is Influenced by Age at Diagnosis Clin. Cancer Res., July 1, 2001; 7(7): 1937 - 1945. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. S. Cooper, D. D. Baird, and F. Rebecca Darden Measures of Menopausal Status in Relation to Demographic, Reproductive, and Behavioral Characteristics in a Population-based Study of Women Aged 35-49 Years Am. J. Epidemiol., June 15, 2001; 153(12): 1159 - 1165. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. B. Gold, J. Bromberger, S. Crawford, S. Samuels, G. A. Greendale, S. D. Harlow, and J. Skurnick Factors Associated with Age at Natural Menopause in a Multiethnic Sample of Midlife Women Am. J. Epidemiol., May 1, 2001; 153(9): 865 - 874. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Nagata, N. Takatsuka, N. Kawakami, and H. Shimizu Association of Diet with the Onset of Menopause in Japanese Women Am. J. Epidemiol., November 1, 2000; 152(9): 863 - 867. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Hardy, D. Kuh, and M. Wadsworth Smoking, body mass index, socioeconomic status and the menopausal transition in a British national cohort Int. J. Epidemiol., October 1, 2000; 29(5): 845 - 851. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. B. Freedman, F. S. Kaplan, W. B. Bilker, B. L. Strom, and R. A. Lowe Treatment of Osteoporosis: Are Physicians Missing an Opportunity?*{{dagger}} J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., August 1, 2000; 82(8): 1063 - 1063. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. E. A. M. Weel, A. G. Uitterlinden, I. C. D. Westendorp, H. Burger, S. C. E. Schuit, A. Hofman, T. J. M. Helmerhorst, J. P. T. M. van Leeuwen, and H. A. P. Pols Estrogen Receptor Polymorphism Predicts the Onset of Natural and Surgical Menopause J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 1999; 84(9): 3146 - 3150. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Snieder, A. J. MacGregor, and T. D. Spector Genes Control the Cessation of a Woman's Reproductive Life: A Twin Study of Hysterectomy and Age at Menopause J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 1998; 83(6): 1875 - 1880. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|