American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 138, No. 7: 467-481
Copyright © 1993 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
research-article |
Magnetic Fields and Cancer in Children Residing Near Swedish High-voltage Power Lines
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute Stockholm, Sweden
Reprint requests to Maria Feychting, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Doktorsringen 18, Box 60208, S-104 01 Stockholm, Sweden
A case-control study was conducted to test the hypothesis that exposure to magnetic fields of the type generated by high-voltage power lines increases cancer incidence in children. The study base consisted of everyone under age 16 years who had lived on a property located within 300 meters of any of the 220 and 400 kV power lines in Sweden during the period 1960–1985. Subjects were followed from their entry into the study base through 1985. A total of 142 cancer cases were identified through a record linkage to the Swedish Cancer Registry. There were 39 leukemia and 33 central nervous system tumor cases. A total of 558 controls were selected at random from the study base. Exposure was assessed by spot measurements and by calculations of the magnetic fields generated by the power lines, taking distance, line configuration, and load into account. Information about historical loads on the power lines was used to calculate the magnetic fields for the year closest in time to diagnosis. When historical calculations were used as exposure assessment for childhood leukemia with cutoff points at 0.1 and 0.2 microtesla (µT), the estimated relative risk increased over the two exposure levels and was estimated at 2.7 (95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.0–6.3) for 0.2 µT and over; p for trend = 0.02. When the upper cutoff point was shifted to 0.3 µT, the relative risk was 3.8 (95% Cl 1.4–9.3); p for trend = 0.005. These results persisted when adjustment for potential confounding factors was made. For central nervous system tumor, lymphoma, and all childhood cancers combined, there was no support for an association.
child; electromagnetic fields; leukemia; neoplasms
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  L. Kheifets and S. Oksuzyan Exposure assessment and other challenges in non-ionizing radiation studies of childhood leukaemia Radiat Prot Dosimetry, December 1, 2008; 132(2): 139 - 147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Schuz, A. L. Svendsen, M. S. Linet, M. L. McBride, E. Roman, M. Feychting, L. Kheifets, T. Lightfoot, G. Mezei, J. Simpson, et al. Nighttime Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields and Childhood Leukemia: An Extended Pooled Analysis Am. J. Epidemiol., August 1, 2007; 166(3): 263 - 269. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Mezei and L. Kheifets Selection bias and its implications for case-control studies: a case study of magnetic field exposure and childhood leukaemia Int. J. Epidemiol., April 1, 2006; 35(2): 397 - 406. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Poole, S. Greenland, C. Luetters, J. L Kelsey, and G. Mezei Socioeconomic status and childhood leukaemia: a review Int. J. Epidemiol., April 1, 2006; 35(2): 370 - 384. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Draper, T. Vincent, M. E Kroll, and J. Swanson Childhood cancer in relation to distance from high voltage power lines in England and Wales: a case-control study BMJ, June 4, 2005; 330(7503): 1290. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Sims and P. Dent High-voltage Overhead Power Lines and Property Values: A Residential Study in the UK Urban Stud, April 1, 2005; 42(4): 665 - 694. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. S. Linet, S. Wacholder, and S. H. Zahm Interpreting Epidemiologic Research: Lessons From Studies of Childhood Cancer Pediatrics, July 1, 2003; 112(1): 218 - 232. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T Tynes, L Klaeboe, and T Haldorsen Residential and occupational exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields and malignant melanoma: a population based study Occup. Environ. Med., May 1, 2003; 60(5): 343 - 347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Rosen National Health Data Registers: a Nordic heritage to public health Scand J Public Health, April 1, 2002; 30(2): 81 - 85. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Nordberg Chapter 8. General Environmental Factors and Health Scand J Public Health, September 1, 2001; 29(58_suppl): 185 - 198. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. WOODS, F. BOBANOVIC, D. BROWN, and D. R. ALEXANDER Lyn and Syk tyrosine kinases are not activated in B-lineage lymphoid cells exposed to low-energy electromagnetic fields FASEB J, November 1, 2000; 14(14): 2284 - 2290. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Auvinen, M. S. Linet, E. E. Hatch, R. A. Kleinerman, L. L. Robison, W. T. Kaune, M. Misakian, S. Niwa, S. Wacholder, and R. E. Tarone Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields and Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: An Exploratory Analysis of Alternative Exposure Metrics Am. J. Epidemiol., July 1, 2000; 152(1): 20 - 31. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. M. Ansari and T. K. Hei Effects of 60 Hz extremely low frequency magnetic fields (EMF) on radiation- and chemical-induced mutagenesis in mammalian cells Carcinogenesis, June 1, 2000; 21(6): 1221 - 1226. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. M. Legler, L. A. G. Ries, M. A. Smith, J. L. Warren, E. F. Heineman, R. S. Kaplan, and M. S. Linet Brain and Other Central Nervous System Cancers: Recent Trends in Incidence and Mortality J Natl Cancer Inst, August 18, 1999; 91(16): 1382 - 1390. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. G. Gurney and E. van Wijngaarden Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) and brain cancer in adults and children: Review and comment Neuro-oncol, July 1, 1999; 1(3): 212 - 220. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. A. Boorman, D. L. McCormick, J. C. Findlay, J. R. Hailey, J. R. Gauger, T. R. Johnson, R. M. Kovatch, R. C. Sills, and J. K. Haseman Chronic Toxicity/Oncogenicity Evaluation of 60 Hz (Power Frequency) Magnetic Fields in F344/N Rats Toxicol Pathol, May 1, 1999; 27(3): 267 - 278. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Lacy-hulbert, J. C. Metcalfe, and R. Hesketh Biological responses to electromagnetic fields FASEB J, April 1, 1998; 12(6): 395 - 420. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Wartenberg, R. G. Stevens, P. Levallois, D. Gauvin, M. Gochfeld, H. Funk, R. R. Neutra, G. C. Kabat, M. S. Linet, R. E. Tarone, et al. Leukemia and Exposure to Magnetic Fields N. Engl. J. Med., November 13, 1997; 337(20): 1471 - 1474. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S. Linet, E. E. Hatch, R. A. Kleinerman, L. L. Robison, W. T. Kaune, D. R. Friedman, R. K. Severson, C. M. Haines, C. T. Hartsock, S. Niwa, et al. Residential Exposure to Magnetic Fields and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children N. Engl. J. Med., July 3, 1997; 337(1): 1 - 8. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. W. Campion Power Lines, Cancer, and Fear N. Engl. J. Med., July 3, 1997; 337(1): 44 - 46. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. K Verkasalo, E. Pukkala, J. Kaprio, K. V Heikkila, and M. Koskenvuo Magnetic fields of high voltage power lines and risk of cancer in Finnish adults: nationwide cohort study BMJ, October 26, 1996; 313(7064): 1047 - 1051. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Hedstrom and R. Swedberg Social Mechanisms Acta Sociologica, January 1, 1996; 39(3): 281 - 308. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Landrigan and C.-H. Pui Childhood Leukemias N. Engl. J. Med., November 9, 1995; 333(19): 1286 - 1287. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. M. Yeager The Pediatrician and Cancer Prevention: Accepting the Present, Changing the Future Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, February 1, 1995; 149(2): 133 - 134. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Inskip Cancer and The Environment Perspectives in Public Health, June 1, 1994; 114(3): 157 - 161. [Abstract]
|
|