American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 137, No. 11: 1251-1258
Copyright © 1993 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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Validation Studies using an Alloyed Gold Standard
1National Cancer Institute, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program Bethesda, MD
2School of Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal Quebec, Canada
Reprint requests to Dr Sholom Wacholder, National Cancer Institute, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, 6130 Executive Blvd., EPN 403, Rockville, MD 20852.
A key assumption made when using a validation study to correct an estimate of relative risk for bias due to misdassification or measurement error is that the available measure, known to have error but nonetheless used routinely in the main study, is compared to a gold standard measured without error. In most epidemiologic applications, the putative gold standard is in fact measured with error. The effect of the violation of the assumption on the corrected estimate depends on the magnitudes of the errors in the two measures and on their correlation. In particular, when the errors are negatively correlated, independent, or weakly positively correlated, the corrected estimate will tend to overcorrect beyond the true value.
bias (epidemiology); biometry; misclassification; prospective study; retrospective study
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