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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 136, No. 7: 787-794
Copyright © 1992 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS |
Prevalence of Gallstone Disease in Relation to Smoking, Alcohol Use, Obesity, and Glucose Tolerance: A Study of Self-Defense Officials in Japan
1 Department of Public Health, National Defense Medical College Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
2 Self-Defense Forces Fukuoka Hospital Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka, Japan
Reprint requests to Dr. Summon Kono, Department of Public Health, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359, Japan
Received for publication September 30, 1991. Revision received March 25, 1992. Risk factors of gallstone disease were investigated in male self-defense officials who received, between October 1986 and December 1990, a retirement health examination at the Self-Defense Forces Fukuoka Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan. Gallbladder ultrasonography, successfully performed with 2,739 of 2,756 men, found 61 men with gallstones and 38 men with previous removal of the gallbladder; the overall prevalence of gallstone disease was 3.6%. Multiple logistic regression analysis assessed the risk of gallstone disease in relation to smoking, alcohol use, body mass index, glucose tolerance, and rank. Alcohol use was associated with a decreased risk, and body mass index was positively related to gallstone disease. Men with impaired glucose tolerance had a slightly elevated risk, whereas diabetes mellitus was not associated with gallstone disease. Analysis for prevalent gallstones and the postcholecystectomy state showed an inverse association of alcohol use with the latter; a positive association with impaired glucose tolerance was also confined primarily to the latter condition. These findings provide little support for a protective effect of alcohol use in the formation of gallstones. It was inconclusive whether impaired glucose tolerance was associated selectively with postcholecystectomy.
alcoho drinking; cholelithiasis; gallbladder disease; glucose tolerance test; obesity; smoking
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