American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 136, No. 4: 488-497
Copyright © 1992 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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Interspecies Transmission and Reassortment of Influenza A Viruses in Pigs and Turkeys in the United States
1Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis, TN
2Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Tennessee Memphis, TN
3National Veterinary Services Laboratories Ames, IA
Reprint requests to Dr. Robert G. Webster, Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, Memphis, TN 38105
Genetic reassortrnent between influenza A viruses in humans and in animals and birds has been implicated in the appearance of new pandemics of human influenza. To determine whether such reassortment has occurred in the United States, the authors compared the genetic origins of gene segments of 73 swine influenza virus isolates (1976–1990), representing 11 states, and 11 turkey virus isolates (1980–1989), representing eight states. The host origin of gene segments encoding the internal proteins of H1 N1 swine and turkey influenza viruses was identified by developing a dot-blot assay. All gene segments of swine influenza viruses were characteristic of influenza virus genes from that species, indicating that pigs may not be frequent participants in interspecies genetic exchange and reassortrnent of influenza viruses in the United States. In contrast, 73% of the turkey influenza virus isolates contained genes of swine origin. One turkey isolate was a reassortant having three genes characteristic of avian influenza virus and three of swine origin. These findings document a high degree of genetic exchange and reassortment of influenza A viruses in domestic turkeys in the United States. The molecular biologic techniques used by the authors should aid future epidemiologic studies of influenza pandemics.
epidemiologic methods; genetics; Orthomyxovirus type A; avian; Orthornyxovirus type A; human; Orthomyxovirus type A; porcine; reassortant viruses; swine; turkeys
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