American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 135, No. 9: 1042-1050
Copyright © 1992 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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Selection of Controls in Case-Control Studies: III. Design Options
1Biostatistics Branch, National Cancer Institute Bethesda, MD.
2Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN
Dr. Sholom Wacholder, Biostatistics Branch, National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Blvd., EPN 403, Rockville, MD 20892
Several design options available in the planning stage of case-control studies are examined. Topics covered include matching, control/case ratio, choice of nested case-control or case-cohort design, two-stage sampling, and other methods that can be used for control selection. The effect of potential problems in obtaining comparable accuracy of exposure is also examined. A discussion of the difficulty in meeting the principles of study base, deconfounding, and comparable accuracy (S. Wacholder et al. Am J Epidemiol 1992; 135: 1019–28) in a single study completes this series of papers. Am J Epidemiol 1992; 135: 1042–50
bias (epidemiology); epidemiologic methods; retrospective studies
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