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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 135, No. 7: 817-823
Copyright © 1992 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

research-article

Approaches to the Analysis of Case-Control Studies of the Efficacy of Screening for Cancer

Noel S. Weiss1,, Barbara McKnight2 and Nancy G. Stevens3

1Department of Epidemiology University of Washington and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle WA
2Department of Bostatistics University of Washington and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle WA
3Departments of Family Medicine and Epidemiology University of Washington Seattle WA

Reprint requests to Dr. Noel S. Weiss, Department of Epidemiology SC-36, Universrty of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.

To an increasing extent, case-control studies are being undertaken to determine if use of early detection procedures is associated with reduced mortality from cancer. The authors recommend that in such studies the analysis focus on screening activity in cases that occurs during an interval prior to diagnosis in which the cancer is believed to be detectable and still curable and to a corresponding time period in controls. This approach places a heavy burden on the investigator to estimate accurately the period during which the tumor ought to be detectable using the test in question and to sort out reliably tests done in response to signs or symptoms of the cancer from screening tests per se. Nonetheless, the authors feel that it offers the greatest ability to discern a true benefit of screening, while minimizing the numerous potential biases that can be present in this type of study. Am J Epidemiol 1992;135:817–23.

case-control studies; mass screening; multiphasic screening


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