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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 135, No. 5: 571-578
Copyright © 1992 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health


brief-report

Acceptable Values of Kappa for Comparison of Two Groups

Daniel G. Seigel, Marvin J. Podgo and Nancy A. Remaley

From the Biometry and Epidemiology Program, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD 20892

Reprint requests to Dr. Daniel G. Seigel, Building 31, Room 6A10, Biometry and Epidemiology Program, National Eye Institute, N1H, Bethesda, MD 20892

A model was developed for a simple clinical trial in which graders had defined probabilities of misclassifying pathologic material to disease present or absent. The authors compared Kappa between graders, and efficiency and bias in the clinical trial in the presence of misdassification. Though related to bias and efficiency, Kappa did not predict these two statistics well. These results pertain generally to evaluation of systems for encoding medical information, and the relevance of Kappa in determining whether such systems are ready for use in comparative studies. The authors conclude that, by itself, Kappa is not informative enough to evaluate the appropriateness of a grading scheme for comparative studies. Additional, and perhaps difficult, questions must be addressed for such evaluation.

bias; clinical trials; epidemiotogic methods; models, statistical; odds ratio; relative risk; statistics


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