American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 135, No. 4: 393-408
Copyright © 1992 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
research-article |
Epidemic Poliomyelitis in The Gambia following the Control of Poliomyelitis as an Endemic Disease
II. Clinical Efficacy of Trivalent Oral Polio Vaccine
1International Health Program Office, Centers for Disease Control Atlanta, GA.
2Medical and Health Department, Ministry of Health, Labor, and Social Affairs The Gambia.
3Division of Biostatistics, Emory University School of Public Health Atlanta, GA.
Reprint requests to Information Services, Technical Support Division, International Health Program Office, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.
An epidemic of poliomyelitis caused by poliovirus type 1 occurred in The Gambia from May to November 1986. Descriptive findings and vaccination coverage levels are reported in part I. This article (part II) describes a case-control study to estimate the clinical efficacy of three or more doses of trivalent oral polio vaccine compared with zero doses. "Cases" were 1 - to 7-year-old children paralyzed during the epidemic who were diagnosed as having poliomyelitis by designated referral physicians. They were identified by reports from referral physicians during the epidemic and by a nationwide village-to-village search after the epidemic. Up to five controls were randomly selected for each case from among children of the same age and sex living in neighboring households. In a matched analysis of 195 cases and 839 controls, the efficacy of three or more doses of trivalent oral polio vaccine was 72% (95% confidence interval 57–82) when children without vaccination cards were considered unvaccinated. The efficacy of three or more doses in 1- to 2-year-old children, in whom the determination of vaccination status was considered to be more accurate than in older children, was 81% (95% confidence interval 66–90). Vaccine failure was not associated with short intervals between doses. Higher levels of vaccination coverage and efficacy than those achieved in The Gambia may be needed in African countries to prevent the return of poliomyelitis as an epidemic disease after it has been controlled as an endemic disease. Am J Epidemiol 1992;135:393–408.
poliomyelitis; poliovirus vaccine; oral; vaccines
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  NVAC-ACIP Joint Working Group and Centers for Dise Ensuring Preparedness for Potential Poliomyelitis Outbreaks: Recommendations for the US Poliovirus Vaccine Stockpile From the National Vaccine Advisory Committee (NVAC) and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, December 1, 2004; 158(12): 1106 - 1112. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. T. Chen, S. Hausinger, A. S. Dajani, M. Hanfling, A. L. Baughman, M. A. Pallansch, and P. A. Patriarca Seroprevalence of Antibody Against Poliovirus in Inner-city Preschool Children: Implications for Vaccination Policy in the United States JAMA, June 5, 1996; 275(21): 1639 - 1645. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Clemens, R. Brenner, M. Rao, N. Tafari, and C. Lowe Evaluating New Vaccines for Developing Countries: Efficacy or Effectiveness? JAMA, February 7, 1996; 275(5): 390 - 397. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|