American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 135, No. 4: 347-355
Copyright © 1992 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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Relation of Smoking and Alcohol Consumption to Incident Alzheimer's Disease
1Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health Boston, MA.
2Aging Branch, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control Atlanta, GA.
3Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA.
4Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health Boston, MA.
5Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA.
6Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA.
7Center for Research on Health and Aging, Rush Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center Chicago, IL.
Reprint requests to Dr. Denis A. Evans, Center for Research on Health and Aging, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, 1653 West Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL 60612.
The authors examined the effects of smoking and alcohol use in a prospective community-based study of incident Alzheimer's disease. Two in-home interviews of the total elderly population of East Boston, Massachusetts, conducted in 1982 and 1985 were used to sample individuals for clinical evaluation for Alzheimer's disease. A total of 513 persons underwent detailed clinical evaluation including neurologic, neuropsychologic, and psychiatric evaluation to diagnose Alzheimer's disease. In weighted logistic regression controlled for age, sex, and education, the estimated odds ratio of Alzheimer's disease was 0.7 (95% confidence interval 0.3–1.4) for ever smokers compared with never smokers. For 40 pack-years of smoking, the odds ratio of Alzheimer's disease was 0.8 (95% confidence interval 0.6–1.1). Consumption of 1 oz (30 ml) of alcohol per day was associated with an odds ratio of 1.1 (95% confidence interval 0.8–1.5). These results suggest that recent mild-to-moderate consumption of alcohol is not substantially related to incidence of Alzheimer's disease and that smoking does not increase risk of the disease. Am J Epidemiol 1992;135:347-55.
aged; alcohol drinking; Alzheimer's disease; epidemiology; incidence; risk factors; smoking
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