American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 134, No. 6: 590-603
Copyright © 1991 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
research-article |
High-Fat, Low-Carbohydrate Diet and the Etiology of Non-Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus: The San Luis Valley Diabetes Study
Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO
Reprint requests to Dr. Julie A. Marshall, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Box C-245, Denver, CO 80262.
Diet has long been believed to be an important risk factor for non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Animal studies generally support a relation between high-fat diets and development of insulin resistance. However, conclusive epidemiologic evidence is lacking. To further investigate the role of dietary fat and carbohydrate as potential risk factors for the onset of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, current diet was assessed among a geographically based group of 1,317 subjects without a prior diagnosis of diabetes who were seen in the period from 1984 to 1988 in two counties in southern Colorado. In this study, 24-hour diet recalls were reported prior to an oral glucose tolerance test. Persons with previously undiagnosed diabetes (n = 70) and impaired glucose tolerance (n = 171) were each compared with confirmed normal controls (n = 1,076). The adjusted odds ratios relating a 40-g/day increase in fat intake to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance were 1.51 (95% confidence interval 0.85–2.67) and 1.62 (95% confidence interval 1.09–2.41), respectively. Restricting cases to diabetic persons with fasting glucose >140 mg/dl and persons with impaired glucose tolerance confirmed on follow-up, the odds ratios increased to 3.03 (95% confidence interval 1.07–8.62) and 2.67 (95% confidence interval 1.33–5.36), respectively. The findings support the hypothesis that high-fat, low-carbohydrate diets are associated with the onset of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in humans. Am J Epidemiol 1991 ;134:590-603.
diabetes mellitus; non-insulin-dependent; dietary carbohydrates; dietary fats; Hispanic Americans
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  A. M. de Assis, D. K. Rieger, A. Longoni, C. Battu, S. Raymundi, R. F. da Rocha, A. C. Andreazza, M. Farina, L. N. Rotta, C. Gottfried, et al. High Fat and Highly Thermolyzed Fat Diets Promote Insulin Resistance and Increase DNA Damage in Rats Experimental Biology and Medicine, November 1, 2009; 234(11): 1296 - 1304. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M.-A. Cornier, D. Dabelea, T. L. Hernandez, R. C. Lindstrom, A. J. Steig, N. R. Stob, R. E. Van Pelt, H. Wang, and R. H. Eckel The Metabolic Syndrome Endocr. Rev., December 1, 2008; 29(7): 777 - 822. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Xu, S. Eilat-Adar, C. M Loria, B. V Howard, R. R Fabsitz, M. Begum, E. M Zephier, and E. T Lee Macronutrient intake and glycemic control in a population-based sample of American Indians with diabetes: the Strong Heart Study Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2007; 86(2): 480 - 487. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Irazusta, S. Gil, F. Ruiz, J. Gondra, A. Jauregi, J. Irazusta, and J. Gil Exercise, physical fitness, and dietary habits of first-year female nursing students. Biol Res Nurs, January 1, 2006; 7(3): 175 - 186. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Davey Smith, Y. Bracha, K. H. Svendsen, J. D. Neaton, S. M. Haffner, L. H. Kuller, and for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Re Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in the Randomized Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Ann Intern Med, March 1, 2005; 142(5): 313 - 322. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. F. Sheard, N. G. Clark, J. C. Brand-Miller, M. J. Franz, F. X. Pi-Sunyer, E. Mayer-Davis, K. Kulkarni, and P. Geil Dietary Carbohydrate (Amount and Type) in the Prevention and Management of Diabetes: A statement by the American Diabetes Association Diabetes Care, September 1, 2004; 27(9): 2266 - 2271. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. C. Rosal, K. V. Goins, E. T. Carbone, and D. E. Cortes Views and Preferences of Low-Literate Hispanics Regarding Diabetes Education: Results of Formative Research Health Educ Behav, June 1, 2004; 31(3): 388 - 405. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. W. Anderson, K. M. Randles, C. W. C. Kendall, and D. J. A. Jenkins Carbohydrate and Fiber Recommendations for Individuals with Diabetes: A Quantitative Assessment and Meta-Analysis of the Evidence J. Am. Coll. Nutr., February 1, 2004; 23(1): 5 - 17. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A.-H. Harding, N. E. Day, K.-T. Khaw, S. Bingham, R. Luben, A. Welsh, and N. J. Wareham Dietary Fat and the Risk of Clinical Type 2 Diabetes: The European Prospective Investigation of Cancer-Norfolk Study Am. J. Epidemiol., January 1, 2004; 159(1): 73 - 82. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Wang, A. R Folsom, Z.-J. Zheng, J. S Pankow, and J. H Eckfeldt Plasma fatty acid composition and incidence of diabetes in middle-aged adults: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2003; 78(1): 91 - 98. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Ylonen, C. Saloranta, C. Kronberg-Kippila, L. Groop, A. Aro, and S. M. Virtanen Associations of Dietary Fiber With Glucose Metabolism in Nondiabetic Relatives of Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes: The Botnia Dietary Study Diabetes Care, July 1, 2003; 26(7): 1979 - 1985. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. J. Yang, J. M Kerver, Y. K. Park, J. Kayitsinga, D. B Allison, and W. O Song Carbohydrate intake and biomarkers of glycemic control among US adults: the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2003; 77(6): 1426 - 1433. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. C.M. Ryan, P. Collins, and J. H. Thakore Impaired Fasting Glucose Tolerance in First-Episode, Drug-Naive Patients With Schizophrenia Am J Psychiatry, February 1, 2003; 160(2): 284 - 289. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Jiang, J. E. Manson, M. J. Stampfer, S. Liu, W. C. Willett, and F. B. Hu Nut and Peanut Butter Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women JAMA, November 27, 2002; 288(20): 2554 - 2560. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. W. Hardy, K. A. Meckling-Gill, J. Williford, R. A. Desmond, and H. Wei Energy Restriction Reduces Long-Chain Saturated Fatty Acids Associated with Plasma Lipids in Aging Male Rats J. Nutr., October 1, 2002; 132(10): 3172 - 3177. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Ahren and G. Pacini Insufficient islet compensation to insulin resistance vs. reduced glucose effectiveness in glucose-intolerant mice Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, October 1, 2002; 283(4): E738 - E744. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. C. Ho, K. P. Davy, M. S. Hickey, S. A. Summers, and C. L. Melby Behavioral, metabolic, and molecular correlates of lower insulin sensitivity in Mexican-Americans Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, October 1, 2002; 283(4): E799 - E808. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Cnop, J. C. Hannaert, A. Y. Grupping, and D. G. Pipeleers Low Density Lipoprotein Can Cause Death of Islet {beta}-Cells by Its Cellular Uptake and Oxidative Modification Endocrinology, September 1, 2002; 143(9): 3449 - 3453. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F X. Pi-Sunyer Glycemic index and disease Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2002; 76(1): 290S - 298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M. van Dam, W. C. Willett, E. B. Rimm, M. J. Stampfer, and F. B. Hu Dietary Fat and Meat Intake in Relation to Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Men Diabetes Care, March 1, 2002; 25(3): 417 - 424. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Marshall and D. H. Bessesen Dietary Fat and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care, March 1, 2002; 25(3): 620 - 622. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A.-H. Harding, L. A. Sargeant, A. Welch, S. Oakes, R. N. Luben, S. Bingham, N. E. Day, K.-T. Khaw, and N. J. Wareham Fat Consumption and HbA1c Levels: The EPIC-Norfolk Study Diabetes Care, November 1, 2001; 24(11): 1911 - 1916. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. E. Kahn The Importance of {beta}-Cell Failure in the Development and Progression of Type 2 Diabetes J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2001; 86(9): 4047 - 4058. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. A. Meyer, L. H. Kushi, D. R. Jacobs Jr., and A. R. Folsom Dietary Fat and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Older Iowa Women Diabetes Care, September 1, 2001; 24(9): 1528 - 1535. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. J Perry Commentary: Smoking and diabetes--accumulating evidence of a causal link Int. J. Epidemiol., June 1, 2001; 30(3): 554 - 555. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. K. Larkey, M. L. Hecht, K. Miller, and C. Alatorre Hispanic Cultural Norms for Health-Seeking Behaviors in the Face of Symptoms Health Educ Behav, February 1, 2001; 28(1): 65 - 80. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. A Meyer, L. H Kushi, D. R Jacobs Jr, J. Slavin, T. A Sellers, and A. R Folsom Carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and incident type 2 diabetes in older women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, April 1, 2000; 71(4): 921 - 930. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Cnop, A. Grupping, A. Hoorens, L. Bouwens, M. Pipeleers-Marichal, and D. Pipeleers Endocytosis of Low-Density Lipoprotein by Human Pancreatic {beta} Cells and Uptake in Lipid-Storing Vesicles, Which Increase with Age Am. J. Pathol., January 1, 2000; 156(1): 237 - 244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. J. Kaiyala, R. L. Prigeon, S. E. Kahn, S. C. Woods, D. Porte Jr., and M. W. Schwartz Reduced beta -cell function contributes to impaired glucose tolerance in dogs made obese by high-fat feeding Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, October 1, 1999; 277(4): E659 - E667. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W Anderson, B. M Smith, and C. S Washnock Cardiovascular and renal benefits of dry bean and soybean intake Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 1999; 70(3): 464S - 474. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Salmeron, J. E. Manson, M. J. Stampfer, G. A. Colditz, A. L. Wing, and W. C. Willett Dietary Fiber, Glycemic Load, and Risk of Non--insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Women JAMA, February 12, 1997; 277(6): 472 - 477. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|