American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 134, No. 10: 1206-1211
Copyright © 1991 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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Antibody to Hepatitis C Virus among Cardiac Surgery Patients, Homosexual Men, and Intravenous Drug Users in Baltimore, Maryland
From the Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Diseases Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health Baltimore, MD
Reprint requests to Dr. Kenrad E Nelson, Room 763, 624 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205
In order to define the risk factors for infection with hepatitis C virus, the authors determined the prevalence and incidence of antibodies to hepatitis C in three cohorts in Baltimore, Maryland, enrolled in prospective studies of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection. Among 500 multitransfused patients who underwent cardiac surgery in 1985 and 1986,12 (2.4%) were hepatitis C seropositive before surgery while 19 (3.9%) developed antibodies in the 8–12 months after surgery. The seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus among 225 intravenous drug users followed since 1988 was 85%, which did not vary by HIV–1 status. Longer duration of intravenous drug use was significantly associated with hepatitis C seropositivity. Among 926 homosexual/bisexual men followed since 1984, 15 (1.6%) were hepatitis C seropositive; only intravenous drug use and a history of hepatitis A were marginally associated with hepatitis C in this population. No association was found between hepatitis C virus and HIV–1 or sexual behavior variables in this population. These data suggest that hepatitis C is readily transmitted by blood exposure, but is transmitted inefficiently by sexual means. Am J Epidemiol 1991 ;134:1206–11.
blood transfusion; hepatits; HIV-1; sex hebaviour; substance abuse
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