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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 133, No. 8: 818-825
Copyright © 1991 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

research-article

Cocaine Use during Pregnancy: Perinatal Outcomes

Arden Handler1,, Naomi Kistin1, Faith Davis2 and Cynthia Ferré2

1Program in Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois School of Public Health Chicago, IL.
2Program in Epidemiology and Biostatisbcs, University of Illinois School of Public Health Chicago, IL

Reprint requests to Dr. Arden Handler, M/C 922, School of Public Health, University of Illinois, Box 6998, Chicago, IL 60680.

The relation between maternal cocaine use and perinatal outcomes was investigated among 17,466 non-Asian singleton deliveries in 1988 from the University of Illinois Perinatal Network data base in the metropolitan Chicago area. Elevated adjusted relative risks (RR) of low birth weight (RR = 2.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2–3.7), prematurity (RR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.9–3.1), abruptio placentae (RR =; 4.5, 95% Cl 2.4–8.5), and perinatal death (RR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–4.0) were observed for "any" cocaine users (n = 408) compared with women who did not use cocaine or any other drugs or alcohol (n = 17,058). There was an increased (although unstable) risk of intrapartum placenta previa not previously reported (RR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.0–5.1). The relative risk of small-for-gestational-age births for cocaine users who did not smoke (RR = 3.4, 95% CI 1.8–6.5) was greater than that for cocaine users who did (RR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–4.1). Irrespective of smoking status, cocaine use during pregnancy increased the risk of small-for-gestational-age births. Am J Epidemiol 1991 ;133:818–25.

cocaine; infant; small for gestational age; perinatal mortality; placenta praevia; pregnancy outcome; smoking; substance abuse; tobacco use disorder


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