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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 133, No. 2: 144-153
Copyright © 1991 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
research-article |
The Case-Crossover Design: A Method for Studying Transient Effects on the Risk of Acute Events
From the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health Boston, MA
Reprint requests to Dr. Malcolm Maclure, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
A case-control design involving only cases may be used when brief exposure causes a transient change in risk of a rare acute-onset disease. The design resembles a retrospective nonrandomlzed crossover study but differs in having only a sample of the base population-time. The average incidence rate ratio for a hypothesized effect period following the exposure is estimable using the Mantel-Haenszel estimator. The duration of the effect period is assumed to be that which maximizes the rate ratio estimate. Self- matching of cases eliminates the threat of control-selection bias and increases efficiency. Pilot data from a study of myocardial infarction onset illustrate the control of within- individual confounding due to temporal association of exposures. Am J Epidemiol 1991:133:144-53.
case-control studies; crossover studies; epidemiologic methods; statistics
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 C W Kelman, M A Kortt, N G Becker, Z Li, J D Mathews, C S Guest, and C D J Holman Deep vein thrombosis and air travel: record linkage study BMJ, November 8, 2003; 327(7423): 1072. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S.-S. Tsai, W. B. Goggins, H.-F. Chiu, and C.-Y. Yang Evidence for an Association Between Air Pollution and Daily Stroke Admissions in Kaohsiung, Taiwan Stroke, November 1, 2003; 34(11): 2612 - 2616. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Hernandez-Diaz, M. A. Hernan, K. Meyer, M. M. Werler, and A. A. Mitchell Case-Crossover and Case-Time-Control Designs in Birth Defects Epidemiology Am. J. Epidemiol., August 15, 2003; 158(4): 385 - 391. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Anderson, C. Ni Mhurchu, D. Scott, D. Bennett, K. Jamrozik, and G. Hankey Triggers of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Role of Physical Exertion, Smoking, and Alcohol in the Australasian Cooperative Research on Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Study (ACROSS) Stroke, July 1, 2003; 34(7): 1771 - 1776. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 I. Annesi-Maesano, N. Agabiti, R. Pistelli, M-F. Couilliot, and F. Forastiere Subpopulations at increased risk of adverse health outcomes from air pollution Eur. Respir. J., May 1, 2003; 21(40_suppl): 57S - 63s. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J.J.K. Jaakkola Case-crossover design in air pollution epidemiology Eur. Respir. J., May 1, 2003; 21(40_suppl): 81S - 85s. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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