American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 132, No. 3: 550-560
Copyright © 1990 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
research-article |
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND THE RISK FOR CHILDHOOD PEDESTRIAN-MOTOR VEHICLE COLLISION OCCURRENCE
1Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington Seattle, WA
2Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington Seattle, WA
3Injury Prevention and Research Center, Harborview Medical Center Seattle, WA
Reprint requests to Dr. Fred Rivara, Injury Prevention and Research Center, Harborview Medical Center, 325 9th Avenue, Mailstop ZX-10, Seattle, WA 98104
In King County, Washington, during 1985–1986, 98 children aged less than 15 years involved in pedestrian-motor vehicle collisions resulting in death or injuries severe enough to require hospitalization were identified through the Trauma Registry at the Regional Trauma Center and the Medical Examiner's Office. Two age- and sex-matched controls were selected for each case, one through random digit dialing and the other from children undergoing appendectomy. Various environmental and traffic characteristics were ascertained from visits to the neighborhoods of all subjects. Children living in multifamily dwellings had a risk for injury that was 5.5 times greater than children living in single family homes (95% confidence interval 2.5–12.3). In general, areas with busier streets (greater posted vehicle speeds and/or greater traffic volumes) were associated with increased risk for pedestrian injuries. The lack of pedestrian crossing devices, crosswalks, or sidewalks, however, was not associated with an increased risk. When the analysis was restricted to the 23 cases injured in front of their homes and their controls, risks were not elevated for any of the street or traffic characteristics. The small size of the study and the lack of relevant information for many subjects limited our ability to adjust for the likely confounding influence of other household/environmental factors. Thus, these results should be viewed as suggestions for future investigations of the causes of childhood pedestrian injuries.
accidents; child; environment; environment design; wounds and injuries
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  T. E. McMillan Urban Form and a Child's Trip to School: The Current Literature and a Framework for Future Research Journal of Planning Literature, May 1, 2005; 19(4): 440 - 456. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Nakahara, Y. Nakamura, M. Ichikawa, and S. Wakai Relation between increased numbers of safe playing areas and decreased vehicle related child mortality rates in Japan from 1970 to 1985: a trend analysis J Epidemiol Community Health, December 1, 2004; 58(12): 976 - 981. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. M. Hameed, C. A. Popkin, S. M. Cohn, E. W. Johnson, and the Miami Pediatric Traffic Injury Task Force The Epidemic of Pediatric Traffic Injuries in South Florida: A Review of the Problem and Initial Results of a Prospective Surveillance Strategy Am J Public Health, April 1, 2004; 94(4): 554 - 556. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Tester, G. W. Rutherford, Z. Wald, and M. W. Rutherford A Matched Case-Control Study Evaluating the Effectiveness of Speed Humps in Reducing Child Pedestrian Injuries Am J Public Health, April 1, 2004; 94(4): 646 - 650. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Peek-Asa and C. Zwerling Role of Environmental Interventions in Injury Control and Prevention Epidemiol. Rev., August 1, 2003; 25(1): 77 - 89. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Dowswell and E. Towner Social deprivation and the prevention of unintentional injury in childhood: a systematic review Health Educ. Res., April 1, 2002; 17(2): 221 - 237. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A S Lightstone, P K Dhillon, C Peek-Asa, and J F Kraus A geographic analysis of motor vehicle collisions with child pedestrians in Long Beach, California: comparing intersection and midblock incident locations Inj. Prev., June 1, 2001; 7(2): 155 - 160. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L Laflamme and F Diderichsen Social differences in traffic injury risks in childhood and youth--a literature review and a research agenda Inj. Prev., December 1, 2000; 6(4): 293 - 298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. A. DAVIDSON, G. D. RUBENFELD, E. S. CALDWELL, L. D. HUDSON, and K. P. STEINBERG The Effect of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome on Long-term Survival Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., December 1, 1999; 160(6): 1838 - 1842. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. A. Davidson, E. S. Caldwell, J. R. Curtis, L. D. Hudson, and K. P. Steinberg Reduced Quality of Life in Survivors of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Compared With Critically Ill Control Patients JAMA, January 27, 1999; 281(4): 354 - 360. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. F Agran, D. G Winn, C. L Anderson, and C. Del Valle Family, social, and cultural factors in pedestrian injuries among Hispanic children Inj. Prev., September 1, 1998; 4(3): 188 - 193. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. von Kries, C. Kohne, O. Bohm, and H. von Voss Road injuries in school age children: relation to environmental factors amenable to interventions Inj. Prev., June 1, 1998; 4(2): 103 - 105. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. F. Agran, D. G. Winn, C. L. Anderson, and C. P. Del Valle Pediatric Injury Hospitalization in Hispanic Children and Non-Hispanic White Children in Southern California Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, April 1, 1996; 150(4): 400 - 406. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Roberts and B. Pless For Debate: Social policy as a cause of childhood accidents: the children of lone mothers BMJ, October 7, 1995; 311(7010): 925 - 928. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Roberts Injuries to child pedestrians BMJ, February 18, 1995; 310(6977): 413a - 414. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I Roberts, R Norton, R Jackson, R Dunn, and I Hassall Effect of environmental factors on risk of injury of child pedestrians by motor vehicles: a case-control study BMJ, January 14, 1995; 310(6972): 91 - 94. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|