American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 132, No. 3: 453-461
Copyright © 1990 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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OCCUPATIONAL RISKS OF BLADDER CANCER AMONG WHITE WOMEN IN THE UNITED STATES
1Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer Institute, NIH Bethesda, MD
2Department of Epidemiology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Washington, DC
Reprint requests to Dr. Debra Silverman, Biostatistics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Executive Plaza North, Room 415, Bethesda, MD 20892
The relation between occupation and bladder cancer in women was examined based on data collected during the National Bladder Cancer Study, a population-based, case-control study conducted in 10 areas of the United States. Occupational hazards among women have received little attention in previous bladder cancer studies, in part because most studies have included too few females to accurately estimate risks. In this large case-control study, 652 white female bladder cancer patients and 1,266 white female controls were interviewed to obtain lifetime occupational histories. Patterns of bladder cancer risk by occupation in women tended to be similar to those previously observed among men. Increased risk was apparent for women ever employed in metal working and fabrication occupations (relative risk (RR)=1.5; 95% confidence interval (Cl) 0.9–2.6). Within this summary occupation category, punch and stamping press operatives had a significant trend in risk with increasing duration of employment (p=0.012); the RR for women employed 5 years or more was 5.6 (95% Cl 1.4–26.4). The authors also observed an increased risk for women employed as chemical processing workers (RR=2.1; 95% Cl 0.9–5.1=with a significant, positive trend in risk with increasing duration of employment (p=0.042). In contrast, a decreased risk was apparent for female textile workers (RR=0.6; 95% Cl 0.3–1.1) with a significant, negative trend in risk with increasing duration of employment (p=0.031); the relative risk for textile workers employed 10 years or more was 0.4. The authors estimate that 11% of bladder cancer diagnosed among white women in the United States is attributable to occupational exposures; this percentage is considerably lower than the 21–25% previously reported for white men in this study.
bladder neoplasms; occupations; women
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