American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 132, No. 2: 318-326
Copyright © 1990 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
research-article |
THE TROMSØ STUDY
DISTRIBUTION AND POPULATION DETERMINANTS OF GAMMA-GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE
Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway, in cooperation with the National Health Screening Service Oslo, Norway
Reprint requests to Dr. Odd Nilssen, Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Postut-tak, N-9000 Tromsø, Norway
Gamma-glutamyltransferase was measured in 10,942 males aged 12–62 years and 10,840 females aged 12–59 years screened in a hearth survey program. The distribution was right-skewed, with medians of 17 and 12 units/liter for males and females, respectively. Fewer than 5.5% of the males and 1.5% of the females had values exceeding 50 units/liter, reflecting the modest use of alcohol in Norway. In sex-specific multiple regression analyses, gamma-glutamyltransferase showed a strong positive association with body mass index, alcohol use, and total serum cholesterol and a somewhat weaker positive association with serum triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, heart rate, Mood pressure, use of analgesics, and time since last meal. Strong negative associations were found for coffee consumption, hour of the day at which the examination was performed and, In males, physical activity. In females, use of oral contraceptives and menopause were positively associated with gamma-glutamyltransferase, whereas pregnant females had lower values. In conclusion, the gamma-glutamyltransferase level in the Tromse population was low, with marked and consistent sex differences which probably are physiologic. Within its normal range, gamma-glutamyltransferase has many other, even stronger determinants than alcohol consumption.
alcohol drinking; blood pressure; body weight; coffee; gamma-glutamyltransferase; health surveys; lipids; smoking
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  G. Schillaci, G. V.L. De Socio, G. Pucci, M. R. Mannarino, J. Helou, M. Pirro, and E. Mannarino Aortic Stiffness in Untreated Adult Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Hypertension, August 1, 2008; 52(2): 308 - 313. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. M. Wallace, K. M. Utzschneider, J. Tong, D. B. Carr, S. Zraika, D. D. Bankson, R. H. Knopp, and S. E. Kahn Relationship of Liver Enzymes to Insulin Sensitivity and Intra-Abdominal Fat Diabetes Care, October 1, 2007; 30(10): 2673 - 2678. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.-S. Lim, D.-H. Lee, J.-Y. Park, S.-H. Jin, and D. R. Jacobs Jr A Strong Interaction between Serum {gamma}-Glutamyltransferase and Obesity on the Risk of Prevalent Type 2 Diabetes: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Clin. Chem., June 1, 2007; 53(6): 1092 - 1098. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. M. Grundy Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase: Another Biomarker for Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2007; 27(1): 4 - 7. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. S. Lee, J. C. Evans, S. J. Robins, P. W. Wilson, I. Albano, C. S. Fox, T. J. Wang, E. J. Benjamin, R. B. D'Agostino, and R. S. Vasan Gamma Glutamyl Transferase and Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiovascular Disease, and Mortality Risk: The Framingham Heart Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2007; 27(1): 127 - 133. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D.-H. Lee, M.-H. Ha, S. Kam, B. Chun, J. Lee, K. Song, Y. Boo, L. Steffen, and D. R. Jacobs Jr. A Strong Secular Trend in Serum Gamma-Glutamyltransferase from 1996 to 2003 among South Korean Men Am. J. Epidemiol., January 1, 2006; 163(1): 57 - 65. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Stranges, M. Trevisan, J. M. Dorn, J. Dmochowski, and R. P. Donahue Body Fat Distribution, Liver Enzymes, and Risk of Hypertension: Evidence From the Western New York Study Hypertension, November 1, 2005; 46(5): 1186 - 1193. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Emdin, A. Pompella, and A. Paolicchi Gamma-Glutamyltransferase, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease: Triggering Oxidative Stress Within the Plaque Circulation, October 4, 2005; 112(14): 2078 - 2080. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 O. Nilssen, M. Averina, T. Brenn, J. Brox, A. Kalinin, and V. Archipovski Alcohol consumption and its relation to risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the north-west of Russia: the Arkhangelsk study Int. J. Epidemiol., August 1, 2005; 34(4): 781 - 788. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D.-H. Lee, D. R. Jacobs Jr, M. Gross, and M. Steffes Serum {gamma}-Glutamyltransferase Was Differently Associated with Microalbuminuria by Status of Hypertension or Diabetes: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study Clin. Chem., July 1, 2005; 51(7): 1185 - 1191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. H. Lee, K. Silventoinen, D. R. Jacobs Jr., P. Jousilahti, and J. Tuomileto {gamma}-Glutamyltransferase, Obesity, and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Observational Cohort Study among 20,158 Middle-Aged Men and Women J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2004; 89(11): 5410 - 5414. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 O. NILSSEN LONG-TERM EFFECT OF BRIEF INTERVENTION IN AT-RISK ALCOHOL DRINKERS: A 9-YEAR FOLLOW-UP STUDY Alcohol Alcohol., November 1, 2004; 39(6): 548 - 551. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Nakanishi, K. Suzuki, and K. Tatara Serum {gamma}-Glutamyltransferase and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes in Middle-Aged Japanese Men Diabetes Care, June 1, 2004; 27(6): 1427 - 1432. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D.-H. Lee, L. M Steffen, and D. R Jacobs Jr Association between serum {gamma}-glutamyltransferase and dietary factors: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, April 1, 2004; 79(4): 600 - 605. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D.-H. Lee, M. D. Gross, and D. R. Jacobs Jr Association of Serum Carotenoids and Tocopherols with {gamma}-Glutamyltransferase: The Cardiovascular Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study Clin. Chem., March 1, 2004; 50(3): 582 - 588. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D.-H. Lee, D. R. Jacobs Jr, M. Gross, C. I. Kiefe, J. Roseman, C. E. Lewis, and M. Steffes {gamma}-Glutamyltransferase Is a Predictor of Incident Diabetes and Hypertension: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study Clin. Chem., August 1, 2003; 49(8): 1358 - 1366. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Emdin, C. Passino, L. Donato, A. Paolicchi, and A. Pompella Serum Gamma-Glutamyltransferase as a Risk Factor of Ischemic Stroke Might Be Independent of Alcohol Consumption Stroke, April 1, 2002; 33(4): 1163 - 1164. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M L Bots, J T Salonen, P C Elwood, Y Nikitin, A Freire de Concalves, D Inzitari, J Sivenius, A Trichopoulou, J Tuomilehto, P J Koudstaal, et al. {gamma}-Glutamyltransferase and risk of stroke: the EUROSTROKE project J Epidemiol Community Health, February 1, 2002; 56(90001): i25 - 29. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Sillanaukee, N. Strid, P. Jousilahti, E. Vartiainen, K. Poikolainen, S. Nikkari, J. P. Allen, and H. Alho Association of self-reported diseases and health care use with commonly used laboratory markers for alcohol consumption Alcohol Alcohol., July 1, 2001; 36(4): 339 - 345. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. R. Dufour, J. A. Lott, F. S. Nolte, D. R. Gretch, R. S. Koff, and L. B. Seeff Diagnosis and Monitoring of Hepatic Injury. I. Performance Characteristics of Laboratory Tests Clin. Chem., December 1, 2000; 46(12): 2027 - 2049. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Jousilahti, D. Rastenyte, and J. Tuomilehto Serum Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase, Self-Reported Alcohol Drinking, and the Risk of Stroke Stroke, August 1, 2000; 31(8): 1851 - 1855. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Grimsgaard, K. H. Bonaa, B. K. Jacobsen, and K. S. Bjerve Plasma Saturated and Linoleic Fatty Acids Are Independently Associated With Blood Pressure Hypertension, September 1, 1999; 34(3): 478 - 483. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Henry, D.A. Tregouet, M.C. Alessi, M.F. Aillaud, S. Visvikis, G. Siest, L. Tiret, and I. Juhan-Vague Metabolic Determinants Are Much More Important Than Genetic Polymorphisms in Determining the PAI-1 Activity and Antigen Plasma Concentrations : A Family Study With Part of the Stanislas Cohort Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 1998; 18(1): 84 - 91. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Urgert, S. Meyboom, M. Kuilman, H. Rexwinkel, M. N Vissers, M. Klerk, and M. B Katan Comparison of effect of cafetiere and filtered coffee on serum concentrations of liver aminotransferases and lipids: six month randomised controlled trial BMJ, November 30, 1996; 313(7069): 1362 - 1366. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. T. Hostmark, J. Berg, S. Brudal, S. R. Berge, P. Kierulf, and T. Bjerkedal Coronary risk factors in middle-aged men as related to smoking, coffee intake and physical activity Scand J Public Health, December 1, 1992; 20(4): 196 - 203. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. M. Calvert, R. W. Hornung, M. H. Sweeney, M. A. Fingerhut, and W. E. Halperin Hepatic and Gastrointestinal Effects in an Occupational Cohort Exposed to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin JAMA, April 22, 1992; 267(16): 2209 - 2214. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|