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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 131, No. 2: 244-253
Copyright © 1990 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

research-article

CIGARETTE SMOKING AND THE RISK OF BREAST CANCER

SUSAN Y. CHU1, NANCY E. STROUP2, PHYLLIS A. WINGO3, NANCY C. LEE1, HERBERT B. PETERSON1 and MARTA L. GWINN4

1Epidemiologic Studies Branch, Division of Reproductive Health, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control Atlanta, GA
2Division of Surveillance and Epidemiologic Studies, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control Atlanta, GA
3Research and Statistics Branch, Division of Reproductive Health, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control Atlanta, GA
4HIV Seroepidemiology Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control Atlanta, GA

The authors examined the relation between cigarette smoking and breast cancer in the Centers for Disease Control Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study, a multicenter, population-based case-control study. The study compared 4,720 women aged 20–54 years with newly diagnosed breast cancer identified through population-based tumor registries with 4,682 women randomly selected from the same geographic areas. Women who reported ever smoking cigarettes had a risk of breast cancer of 1.2 (95 percent confidence interval 1.1–1.3) compared with never smokers. There was no consistent dose-response pattern with any measure of smoking (pack-years of smoking, average number of cigarettes per day, or total years smoked) and little diflerence in risk between current and former smokers. There was some variation in risk by age, with slightly higher risk estimates for younger women than for older women. Although current smokers had an earlier natural menopause than did never smokers, the authors found no evidence of a protective eflect of cigarette smoking on breast cancer risk. These findings suggest that the risk of breast cancer in women who smoke is the same as, or perhaps slightly higher than, women who have never smoked.

breast neoplasms; menopause; smoking


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