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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 130, No. 5: 878-882
Copyright © 1989 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

research-article

ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE USE AND LIVER CANCER

JULIE R. PALMER1,, LYNN ROSENBERG1, DAVID W. KAUFMAN1, M. ELLEN WARSHAUER2, PAUL STOLLEY3 and SAMUEL SHAPIRO1

1Slone Epidemiology Unit, School of Public Health, Boston University School of Medicine Brookline, MA.
2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY
3Department of Medicine, Section of General Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA

Reprint requests to Dr. Julie R. Palmer, Slone Epidemiology Unit, School of Public Health, Boston University School of Medicine, 1371 Beacon Street, Brookline, MA 02146

The risk of liver cancer in relation to use of oral contraceptives was evaluated in a hospital-based case-control study conducted in five US cities from 1977 to 1985. Twelve new cases of liver cancer were identified in women aged 19-54 years; five controls selected from among patients hospitalized for acute conditions unrelated to oral contraceptive use were matched to each case on age (five-year categories), date of interview (three-year categories), and geographic location of the hospital. Among nine cases classified as having hepatocellular carcinoma, eight (89%) had used oral contraceptives; only 16 (36%) of 45 matched controls had used oral contraceptives. Among three other cases (two with cholangiocarcinomas and one with liver cancer of undetermined type), all had used oral contraceptives, compared with four of 15 matched controls. The results confirm the strong positive association between oral contraceptive use and hepatocellular carcinoma observed in earlier studies. Such an association is consistent with evidence that oral contraceptive use is associated with benign hepatic tumors in young women. However, the number of cases of liver cancer in the United States that are attributable to oral contraceptive use is probably small, because liver cancer is extremely rare in the United States.

contraceptives, oral; liver neoplasms


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