American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 129, No. 2: 281-294
Copyright © 1989 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL LEVELS AMONG US ADULTS BY SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIOECONOMIC VARIABLES
THE SECOND NATIONAL HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY 1976–1980
1Lipid Metabolism-Atherogenesis Branch, Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD
2Health Education Branch-Office of Prevention, Education, and Control, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD
3Nutrition Statistics Branch, Division of Health Examination Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics Hyattsville, MD
4Lipid Research Clinic, George Washington University Washington, DC
5The University of North Carolina, Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Chapel Hill, NC
Reprint requests to Dr. Basil Rifkind, Chief, Lipid Metabolism-Atherogenesis Branch, Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
The distribution of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL cholesterol) levels was determined on a nationally representative sample of 9,625 adults aged 20–74 years, as part of the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1976–1980 (NHANES II). Mean HDL cholesterol levels were higher in women compared with men (an age-adjusted difference of 8.9 mg/dl for whites and 4.4 mg–dl for blacks). HDL cholesterol levels were higher in blacks compared with whites (an age-adjusted difference of 7.4 mg/dl for men and 2.8 mg/dl for women). All differences were statistically significant (p<0.01). These relations remained after stratification by age, income, poverty index, education, body mass index, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and physical activity For whites, HDL cholesterol levels were highest In the highest category of earnings, whereas blacks generally had lower levels of HDL cholesterol with increased earnings. In a multivartate model, important predictors of higher HDL cholesterol levels were being female, being black, and reporting a higher frequency of alcohol consumption. Loss strongly related were age, years of education, and reported high physical activity. Smoking and body mass index were strongly negatively related to HDL cholesterol levels. The findings in this national study support previous findings in selected populations in the United States
age factors; alcohol drinking; education; exertion; Income; lipoproteins, HDL cholesterol; poverty; sex
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