American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 129, No. 1: 165-172
Copyright © 1989 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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ROLE OF NORWALK VIRUS IN TWO FOODBORNE OUTBREAKS OF GASTROENTERITIS: DEFINITIVE VIRUS ASSOCIATION
1Erie County Health Department and State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo, NY
2University of Massachusetts, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Worcester, MA
3New York State Department of Health Buffalo, NY
Reprint requests to Dr. J. E. Herrmann, University of Massachusetts, Division of Infectious Diseases, De partment of Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605.
Reissner, M. L, J. E. Herrmann (Dept of Medicine, U. of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01605), J. W. Booth, N. R. Blacklow, and N. A. Nowak. Role of Norwalk virus in two foodbome outbreaks of gastroenteritis: definitive virus association. Am J Epidemiol 1989;129:165–72.
Two separate food-associated outbreaks of gastroenteritis occurred among Erie County, New York residents in June 1986. In one outbreak, cases of illness were estimated to have occurred in 50% of the approximately 700 persons in 13 groups who ate at an out-of-county restaurant during a seven-day period, and, in the second outbreak, Illness occurred in 26 (30%) of 87 persons who attended a graduation party held In a private home. Laboratory investigation included serol ogy (blocking radloimmunoassay) to determine seroconversion to Norwalk virus and an enzyme immunoassay for detection of Norwalk virus antigen in stools, which the investigators have found to be more specific for Norwalk virus than serology. Seroconversion to Norwalk virus occurred in 11(79%) of 14 restaurant- related cases and seven (100%) of seven graduation party cases. Seroconverslon to Norwalk virus antigen was also found In four (40%) of 10 food handlers at the restaurant and In two (100%) of two food handlers at the graduation party. Antigen was detected in the stools of three (20%) of 15 restaurant-related cases and four (67%) of six graduation party cases. No stools for viral analyses were available for testing from food handlers. All seven of the patients with Norwalk virus-positive stools were also positive by seroconversion. Widespread avail ability of reagent8 for stool antigen detection would result in confirmation of more outbreaks due to Norwalk virus and In a more timely manner.
enzyme immunoassay; Norwalk agent; radioimmunoassay; gastroenteritis
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