American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 128, No. 3: 645-654
Copyright © 1988 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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ASSOCIATION OF FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE ESTIMATES OF VITAMIN A INTAKE WITH SERUM VITAMIN A LEVELS
1The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center W-202 1124 Columbia Street, Seattle, WA 98104
2Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Seattle, WA
3Current address: US Department of Agriculture/ AMS/MRD/Statistics Branch Washington, DC
4Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington Seattle, WA
5Swedish Hospital Tumor Institute Seattle, WA
6Departments of Environmental Health and Med icine, University of Washington Seattle, WA
7Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Washington Seattle, WA
Reprint requests to Dr. Emily White
To assess the validity of nutrient intake estimates from a food frequency questionnaire, the authors compared estimates of intake of preformed retinol (dietary plus supplements), ß-carotene, other active carotenoids, and total vitamin A computed from questionnaire responses with serum retinoid and carotenoid concentrations. Data were obtained from 302 male and female current or former smokers, participants in a lung cancer chemoprevention trial at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, Washington, during 1985–1986. Both serum ß-carotene and serum a-carotene were associated, although weakly, with food frequency estimates of total vitamin A intake, dietary vitamin A, ß-carotene, other carotenoids, and total carotenoids (0.18
r0.26). Serum retinol was associated with supplementary vitamin A intake (r=0.16). Nondietary factors were also associated with serum nutrient concentrations—in particular, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and body mass index. Cigarette smoking emerged as an important modifying factor of the relation between serum ß-carotene and dietary ß-carotene (r=0.14 for current smokers, r=0.30 for former smokers).
alcohol drinking; carotene; carotenoids; diet; questionnaires; smoking; vitamin A
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