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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 127, No. 6: 1210-1227
Copyright © 1988 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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CHEMICAL CORRELATES OF PATHOGENICITY OF OILS RELATED TO THE TOXIC OIL SYNDROME EPIDEMIC IN SPAIN
1Center for Environmental Health and Injury Control, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333
2Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Seguri-dad Social, Institute Nacional de la Salud, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Madrid, Spain
Reprint requests to Dr. Edwin M. Kilbourne
The identity of the etiologic agent that caused the 1981 epidemic of toxic oil syndrome in Spain has not been established, and toxicologic study of oil specimens from the outbreak has been hampered by uncertainty about which oils were actually capable of causing illness. To Identify chemical characteristics associated with pathogenicity, the authors compared specimens collected during the Spanish government's oil recall program in June and July 1981 from affected and unaffected households in the two contiguous towns of Alcorcon and Leganès (Madrid Province). Oils were blind-coded for laboratory analysis, and personnel with no knowledge of the laboratory results determined whether illness was present in a family. Contamination with free aniline and oleyl, linoleyl, and palmityl anilides was strikingly more frequent and extensive in oils collected from the case (affected) families. There was a clear-cut dose-response effect, with increasing concentrations of aniline and anilides associated with increasing risk of illness. Differences in fatty acid and sterol compositions among oils indicated more rapeseed oil admixture in the case group, but these indicators of rapeseed oil admixture did not contribute significantly to risk after the degree of aniline/ anilide contamination had been taken into account The authors conclude that the presence of relatively high levels of aniline and fatty acid anilides in oil specimens collected during the epidemic in the two towns studied indicates a high probability of the current or prior presence of the etiologic agent of toxic oil syndrome. Although these data do not necessarily indicate that any of the compounds measured actually caused the illness, further toxicologic work should concentrate on oils with substantial concentrations of the marker compounds.
anilides; aniline compounds; brassica; eosinophilia; hypertension; pulmonary; oils; pneumonia; scleroderma, systemic
3The Toxico-Epidemiologic Study Group: Juan Andrès Cereceda Perez, Francisco Diaz de Rojas, Ramon Fernàndez Pinilla, and Paz Garcia Montes- members of the former Comisiòn Unificada de Investigatiòn, Plan Nacional para el Sindrome Tòxico, Madrid, Spain; Gertrudis de la Fuente, Julio Nadal, Luis Soldevilla Benito, and Juan Manuel Tabuenca Oliver—Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Seguridad Social, Institute National de la Salud, Min-isterio de Sanidad y Consumo, Madrid, Spain; Henry Falk, W. Harry Hannon, Larry L. Needham, Eric Sampson, and Wayman E. Turner—Center for Environmental Health and Injury Control, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA
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