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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 127, No. 6: 1155-1163
Copyright © 1988 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

research-article

CALCIUM-RICH FOODS AND BLOOD PRESSURE: FINDINGS FROM THE ITALIAN NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL STUDY (THE NINE COMMUNITIES STUDY)

MAURIZIO TREVISAN1,2, VITTORIO KROGH1,2,, EDUARDO FARINARO2, SALVATORE PANICO2, MARIO MANCINI2 and ON BEHALF OF THE RESEARCH GROUP ATS-RF2 OF THE ITALIAN NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL 3

1Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2211 Main St, Buffalo, NY 14214 (Reprints requests to Dr. Maurizio Trevisan
2Institute of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Second Medical School, University of Naples, Italy.

Reprint requests to Dr.Maurizio Trevisan.

The present report analyzes the relation between different categories of consumption of varied calcium-rich foods and blood pressure In a population sample of 5,049 Italian men and women aged 20–59, examined between November 1978 and May 1979. The consumption pattern of the various foods was estimated with the use of a food frequency questionnaire. The findings are consistent with an inverse association between whole milk consumption and systolic, but not diastotlc, blood pressure. Daily consumption of cheese, on the other hand, Is not associated with reduced blood pressure levels. The possibility of an adverse effect of the high saturated fats and sodium content on blood pressure that could counteract the beneficial effect of calcium is discussed. Daily skim milk consumption Is surprisingly associated with higher systolic, but not diastolic, pressure, compared with Infrequent consumption. The possibility of these findings being the result of pre-existing health problems leading to the selection of skim milk over whole milk is discussed. Daily consumption of legumes is associated with lower systolic pressure than infrequent consumption, but the differences do not reach statistical significance, probably because of limited statistical power. These associations are similar In both males and females.

blood pressure; calcium, dietary; cheese; hypertension; legumes; milk

3Members of the Research Group and their Operative Units are as follows: Center of Bologna (Centre per le Malattie Dismetaboliche e L'Arteriosclerosi, Clinica Medica II, Universita di Bologna, Bologna): G. C. Descovich (responsible investigator), S. Lenzi, M. S. Benassi, G. Dalmonte, A. Dormi, A. Gaddi, G. L. Magni, Z. Sangiorgi. Center of Cagliari (Centro per le Malattie Dismetaboliche e rArteriosclerosi, Ospe-dale Nuovo S. Michele, Cagliari): S. Muntoni (responsible investigator), F. Pintus, P. Mascia, F. Sirigu, M. Songini, P. Mazzucato, G. Medda, M. R Scalas, N. Usdi. Center of Naples (Centro per le Malattie Dismetaboliche e l'Arteriosclerosi, Clinica Medica II, Fa-colta di Medicina, Università di Napoli, Nuovo Poli-clinico, Napoli): M. Mancini (responsible investigator), E. Farinaro, S. Panico, M. Trevisan, D. Giumetti, F. Jossa, G. Fusco, V. Krogh, E. Celentano. Center of Padua (Istituto di Medicina Clinica, Clinica Medica II, Univeraità di Padova, Padova): G. B. Ambrosio (responsible investigator), S. Zamboni, C. Dal Palü, P. Vettori, D. D'Este. Center of Palermo (Istituto di Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia medica I; Università di Palermo, Palermo): A. Strano (responsible investigator), G. Avellone, G. Davì, S. Novo, A. Pinto. Center of Pavia (Dipartimento di Medicina Preventive, Occuparionale e di Comunita; Sezione di Igiene, Università di Pavia, Pavia); M. T. Tenconi (responsible investigator), M. S. Laddomada, C. Roggi, F. Sottocomola. Center of Rome I (Centro per la Lotta alle Malattie Dismetaboliche e all'Arteriosclerosi, Istituto di Terapia Medica Sistematica, Universit` di Roma, La Sapienia, Roma): G. Ricci (responsible investigator), G. C. Urbinati (responsible investigator), R. Antonini, M. Area, L. Bava, A. Bucci, V. Cinosi, L. Massa, B. Mazzarella, A. Montali. Center of Rome II (Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma): A. Menotti (responsible investigator and chairman of the group), S. Conti (responsible for data analysis), F. Dima, S. Giampaoli, F. Seccareccia, S. Torsello. Center of Siena (Centro Ricerche sull'Arteriosclerosi, Cattedra di Medicina So-ciale e Istituto di Anatomia e Istologia Patologica, Universita di Siena, Siena): G. Weber (responsible investigator), M. Giacchi, F. Vennoizi, A. Cosimi, M. Salvi. Center of Venice (Centro Regionale per l'Arter-iosclerosi, le Iperlipemie e il Diabete, Divisione Medica II, Ospedale Regionale, Venezia): P. Avogaro (responsible investigator), P. Alessandrini.


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