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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 127, No. 3: 532-539
Copyright © 1988 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

research-article

HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE I (HTLV-I) SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS IN METROPOLITAN PANAMÁ

WILLIAM C. REEVES1,, CARL SAXINGER2, MARIA M. BRENES1, EVELIA QUIROZ, JEFFREY W. CLARK3, HOH MEI-WAN2 and WILLIAM A. BLATTNER3

1Division of Epidemiology, Gorgas Memorial Laboratory Panamá, Panamá
2Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute NIH, Bethesda, MD
3Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute NIH, Bethesda, MD

Reprint requests to Dr. W. C. Reeves, Gorges Memorial Laboratory, Box 935, APO Miami, FL 34002. For correspondence from outside the United States: Laboratorio Conmemorativo Gorgas, Apt 6991, Panama 5, Republic of Panamá

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infection and associated hematotogic malignancies cluster in Japan, the Caribbean basin, and Central Africa. The authors believe that this study of HTLV-I seroepidemlology in the Republic of Panama is the first detailed analytic study of environmental factors pertaining to HTLV-I infection In representative tropical populations. The study analyzed observational data concerning housing conditions, family composition, and demographic and behavioral attributes as risk factors for HTLV-I infection (HTLV-I antibody). The 745 study subjects were residents of representative households in Panama City and Colon. Overall, 5% of sera had antibody against HTLV-I, detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmed by competitive binding. Housing conditions, race, and socioeconomic factors were not associated with Infection nor did Infection cluster in families. Interview of 706 women enrolled in cervical cancer studies documented that female sexual experience (number of marriages or sexual partners) was associated with HTLV-I infection. These findings support the hypothesis that HTLV-I is not transmitted by casual contact but requires exposures involving exchange of bodily fluids.

human T-cell leukemia virus; retrovirus infections; serology; virus diseases


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