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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 126, No. 5: 842-850
Copyright © 1987 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

research-article

A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF REPRODUCTIVE FACTORS AND BREAST CANCER

II. AGE AT FIRST AND LAST BIRTH

GUNNAR KVÂLE1, and IVAR HEUCH2

1Institute of Hygiene and Social Medicine, University of Bergen Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
2Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen Norway

Reprint requests to Dr. Gunnar KvÂle, Institute of Hygiene and Social Medicine, N-5016 Haukeland Sykehus, Norway

The relations between age at first and last full-term pregnancy and breast cancer risk were investigated after 20 years of follow-up of 63,090 Norwegian women, among whom 1,565 breast cancer cases occurred. An association seen in preliminary analyses between early age at first birth and low risk of breast cancer was removed after adjustment for parity and age at last birth. Age at last birth showed initially no association with breast cancer. After adjustment for parity, however, a significant positive association emerged. The authors' observations suggest that the relation between age when a pregnancy occurs and breast cancer risk may be more complex than previously believed. Despite the overall association between increasing parity and lower risk, the women with many late pregnancies and those with few, widely spaced pregnancies had higher risk than nulliparous women, indicating that both the age when pregnancy occurs and the length of intervals between successive births may modify the protective effect. The findings are consistent with a dual effect of a pregnancy, causing a transient increase followed by a subsequent strong and long-lasting decrease in risk of breast cancer.

age factors; breast neoplasms; parity; reproduction


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