American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 126, No. 4: 685-694
Copyright © 1987 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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RISK FACTORS FOR URINARY TRACT INFECTION
1Division of Field Services, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control Atlanta, GA.
3Department of Medicine, Michigan State Univer sity East Lansing, MI.
4Division of Bacterial Diseases, Center for Infec tious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control Atlanta, GA.
5Office of the Director, Centers for Disease Control Atlanta, GA.
2Reprint requests to Dr. Robert S. Remis at current address: Bureau regional des maladies infectieuses, 980 rue Guy, Suite 300A, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3H 2K3
Remis, R. S. (Bureau regional des maladies infectieuses, 980 rue Guy, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3H 2K3), M. J. Gurwith, D. Gurwith, N. T. Hargrett-Bean, and P. M. Layde. Risk factors for urinary tract infection. Am J Epidemiol 1987;126:685–94.
The authors carried out a case-control study in 1982–1983 to investigate the possible influence of behavioral factors on the risk of urinary tract infection. Study participants were college women attending a student health service. Cases were 43 women with culture-confirmed urinary tract infection. There were two control groups: 149 women with upper respiratory infection and 227 women visiting the gynecology clinic. Using each set of controls, the study confirmed that sexual intercourse is a risk factor and that there is a dose-response effect for increasing levels of coital frequency. The study also found that use of the diaphragm was significantly associated with urinary tract infection (odds ratios 3.0, 2.3), an association which remained significant even after controlling for possible confounding by coital frequency. The findings did not show an association with many of the factors commonly believed to be important such as type of clothing worn and volume of fluids consumed.
coitus; contraceptive devices; risk; urinary tract infections; women
This study was funded in part by the Infectious Disease Research Institute of Michigan.
The authors thank the staff of Olin Health Center of Michigan State University, especially Sally Wisner, Shirley Bullock, Rosemary Holland, Mary Ellen Richard, and Velma Jarred, for recruitment of study subjects, and Dr. Patrick Remington who helped in the data collection. The authors also thank Nancy P. Chalmers and Barbara Y. Strickland, Centers for Disease Control, for data processing support.
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