Skip Navigation

This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My Personal Archive
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Search for citing articles in:
ISI Web of Science (22)
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Disclaimer
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by GRAYSON, D. A.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by GRAYSON, D. A.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us  
What's this?

American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 126, No. 3: 546-553
Copyright © 1987 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

research-article

CONFOUNDING CONFOUNDING1

D. A. GRAYSON

Grayson, D. A. (NH & MRC Social Psychiatry Research Unit, Australian National U., Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia). Confounding confounding. Am J Epidemiol 1987; 126:546–53.

Miettinen and Cook (Am J Epidemiol 1981;1 14:593–603) postulate that confounding is a result of exposure-strata dependence in the joint source population, irrespective of the effective parameter used. Boivin and Wacholder (Am J Epidemiol 1985;121:152–8) postulate that confounding is dependent on the additive structure of the crude effect parameter. Both of these conflicting principles are at variance with the familiar definition in terms of parameter bias. It is argued that the change-in-parameter definition is the only fundamental definition.

epidemiologic methods; statistics

1From the NH & MRC Social Psychiatry Research Unit, Australian National University, G.P.O. Box 4, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.


Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Violence Against WomenHome page
C. M. Williams, U. Larsen, and L. A. McCloskey
Intimate Partner Violence and Women's Contraceptive Use
Violence Against Women, December 1, 2008; 14(12): 1382 - 1396.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
W. Xu, J.-P. Collet, S. Shapiro, Y. Lin, T. Yang, R. W. Platt, C. Wang, and J. Bourbeau
Independent Effect of Depression and Anxiety on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations and Hospitalizations
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., November 1, 2008; 178(9): 913 - 920.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J EpidemiolHome page
B. W. Whitcomb, E. F. Schisterman, M. A. Klebanoff, M. Baumgarten, A. Rhoton-Vlasak, X. Luo, and N. Chegini
Circulating Chemokine Levels and Miscarriage
Am. J. Epidemiol., August 1, 2007; 166(3): 323 - 331.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Int J EpidemiolHome page
A. K Pokhrel, K. R Smith, A. Khalakdina, A. Deuja, and M. N Bates
Case-control study of indoor cooking smoke exposure and cataract in Nepal and India
Int. J. Epidemiol., June 1, 2005; 34(3): 702 - 708.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Occup. Environ. Med.Home page
R McNamee
Confounding and confounders
Occup. Environ. Med., March 1, 2003; 60(3): 227 - 234.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J EpidemiolHome page
M. A. Hernan, S. Hernandez-Diaz, M. M. Werler, and A. A. Mitchell
Causal Knowledge as a Prerequisite for Confounding Evaluation: An Application to Birth Defects Epidemiology
Am. J. Epidemiol., January 15, 2002; 155(2): 176 - 184.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Sociological Methods ResearchHome page
J. PEARL
Graphs, Causality, and Structural Equation Models
Sociological Methods Research, November 1, 1998; 27(2): 226 - 284.
[Abstract]

Home page
 Stat Methods Med ResHome page
S. Wacholder
Design issues in case-control studies
Statistical Methods in Medical Research, December 1, 1995; 4(4): 293 - 309.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Disclaimer: Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.