American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 124, No. 4: 693-701
Copyright © 1986 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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MATCHED CASE-CONTROL DESIGNS AND OVERMATCHED ANALYSES1
Reprint requests to Dr. Ron Brookmeyer, Department of Biostatistics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205
In a 1:1 matched-pairs case-control study, several pairs may have the same matching criteria. The objective of this paper is to consider various analytic approaches for odds ratio estimation in this situation. One approach is to perform the usual matched-pairs analysis; the alternative is to combine pairs into strata and compute the conditional maximum likelihood or Mantel-Haenszel estimate. Matched-pairs analysis based on theoretic and simulation results may give misleading inferences, although on average it performs nearly as well as the stratified analysis. The occasional poor performance of the matched-pairs analysis results from the possibility of obtaining an extreme number of discordant pairs due to the random pairing within a stratum. It is concluded that the prudent policy is to perform a stratified rather than a paired analysis, even at the expense of additional computation.
biometry; epidemiologic methods; retrospective studies; statistics
1From the Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
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