American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 124, No. 4: 633-642
Copyright © 1986 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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ASSOCIATION OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT WITH PASSIVE SMOKE EXPOSURE IN PREGNANCY1
2Reprint requests to Terry R. Martin at present address: Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Division of Health Statistics and Research, 150 Tremont Street, Boston, MA 02111
In a prospective study of 3,891 antenatal patients at Yale-New Haven Hospital between 1980 and 1982, one fourth (23.6%) had not smoked cigarettes during pregnancy but had been exposed to sidestream smoke for at least two hours per day. Among the nonsmokers, passive smoke exposure was significantly related to delivering a low birth weight (<2,500 g) newborn. This relation only occurred in term (
37 weeks) deliveries. Compared with unexposed women, the relative risk of low birth weight after adjustment for confounding factors was 2.17 (95% confidence interval (Cl) = 1.05–4.50). Those exposed to passive smoke delivered infants 24 g lighter on average. There was no additive effect of passive smoking on smokers themselves. Repeating the analysis on all women with term deliveries, therefore, resulted in a slightly diminished risk of low birth weight due to passive smoking of 1.52 (95% Cl = 0.90–2.56). The risk of low birth weight at term due to direct cigarette smoking was 3.54 (95% Cl = 1.62–7.71). Gestational age was unrelated to passive smoking, which appears to exert its effect primarily through growth retardation in term newborns.
infant; low birth weight; infant; premature; smoking; passive
1 From the Perinatal Epidemiology Unit of the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, CT.
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