American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 124, No. 1: 39-52
Copyright © 1986 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
research-article |
HORMONAL RISK FACTORS IN TESTICULAR CANCER A CASE-CONTROL STUDY
1Department of Epidemiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
2Department of Medicine, Stanford University Palo Alto, CA
3Resource for Cancer Epidemiology Section and California Tumor Registry, California State Health Services Emeryville, CA
Reprint requests to Dr. Andrew R. Moss, Department of Epidemiology, UCSF, San Francisco General Hospital, Ward 86, 995 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110
The authors interviewed 273 northern California testicular cancer cases aged 40 and under diagnosed between 1976 and 1981, their mothers, and matched peer controls and their mothers on prenatal hormone exposure and other variables. Included was a population-based substudy (1979–1981)of all interviewable cases reported to the San Francisco Bay Area Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry. They found odds ratios (OR) of from 8.3 (sons' report) to 4.5 (mothers' report) associated with cryptorchidism, but found no association with mothers' hormone exposure or diethyistilbestrol exposure in pregnancy. They also found a significant association with lower age at puberty (OR=2.0); a marginally significant association with mothers' breast cancer (OR=2.9, p=0.054); and a significant protective effect of reported mononucleosis (OR=0.6). These associations remained strong in the population-based substudy. When cases were divided by histology, strong and specific associations of earlier puberty (OR=2.3) and mothers' breast cancer (OR=4.4) with nonseminomatous cancer, and of reported mononucleosis (OR=0.3) with seminomatous cancer, were found. These observations suggest that 1) prenatal exogenous hormone exposure does not account for a significant fraction of testicular cancer, 2) a cluster of "breast-cancer-like" risk factors are associated with nonseminomas, and 3) there is some genetic risk of nonseminomas.
seminoma; testicular neoplasms
1 From the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Department of Medical Methods Research, 3451 Piedmont Avenue, Oakland, CA 94611.
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