| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 121, No. 5: 754-766
Copyright © 1985 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS |
ASCERTAINMENT OF VITAL STATUS THROUGH THE NATIONAL DEATH INDEX AND THE SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION
1 University of Hawaii Schools of Public Health and Medicine Honolulu, HI
Reprint requests to Dr. J David Curb, University of Hawaii, School of Public Health, 1960 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822
Received for publication March 13, 1984. Revision received October 9, 1984. AscertaInment of the vital status of individuals is of central importance to epidemiologic studies which monitor mortality as an end point. Utilizing Identifying Information collected In 1973–1974, the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program, a prospective, multiceriter study, followed 25,362 indMduals to deter mIne eight-year mortality. In the most recent follow-up, there were 617 individuals whose vital status was not known. Available Identifying information on these and on all 1, participants known to have died in 1979–1981 was submitted to the National Death Index (NDI) for possible confirmation of vital status. A subset of individuals who had Social Security numbers (490 lost to follow-up and 1,154 known deaths) was also submitted to the Social Security Administration (SSA). The NDI correctly identified 87.0% of the known deaths. Of the 1,154 known deaths (those with known Social Security numbers) submitted to both agencies, the NDI identified 93.1% and the SSA 83.6%. Significant variations by race and sex were noted in the identification rates, in part because of Social Security number discrepancies. False matches through the NDI matchIng process oc curred for 10.4% of the known deaths. In the more restrictive SSA search, only 0.5% false matches resulted. For those lost to follow-up, vital status was ascer tained In 57.1%. This paper describes the relative efficacy and attributes of the use of these systems to ascertain vital status.
death certificates; follow-up studies; mortality; vital statistics
2This work was performed while Dr. Curb was at The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX
3Biometry Program, The Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Coordinating Center, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  J. H. Lichtman, N. B. Allen, Y. Wang, E. Watanabe, S. B. Jones, and L. B. Goldstein Stroke Patient Outcomes in US Hospitals Before the Start of the Joint Commission Primary Stroke Center Certification Program Stroke, November 1, 2009; 40(11): 3574 - 3579. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. R. Kamdar, T. A. Meadows, E. E. Roselli, E. Z. Gorodeski, R. J. Curtin, J. F. Sabik, P. Schoenhagen, R. D. White, B. W. Lytle, S. D. Flamm, et al. Multidetector Computed Tomographic Angiography in Planning of Reoperative Cardiothoracic Surgery Ann. Thorac. Surg., April 1, 2008; 85(4): 1239 - 1245. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Wu, A. P. Furnary, and G. L. Grunkemeier Using the National Death Index to Validate the Noninformative Censoring Assumption of Survival Estimation Ann. Thorac. Surg., April 1, 2008; 85(4): 1256 - 1260. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Bhatia, L. Francisco, A. Carter, C.-L. Sun, K. S. Baker, J. G. Gurney, P. B. McGlave, A. Nademanee, M. O'Donnell, N. K. C. Ramsay, et al. Late mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation and functional status of long-term survivors: report from the Bone Marrow Transplant Survivor Study Blood, November 15, 2007; 110(10): 3784 - 3792. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. O. O'Neill, R. C. Starling, P. M. McCarthy, N. M. Albert, B. W. Lytle, J. Navia, J. B. Young, and N. Smedira The impact of left ventricular reconstruction on survival in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., November 1, 2006; 30(5): 753 - 759. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Perez, K. Johnson-Arbor, and C. A. McKay Carbon monoxide poisoning, myocardial injury, and mortality. JAMA, June 14, 2006; 295(22): 2601 - 2601. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. R. Henry, D. Satran, B. Lindgren, C. Adkinson, C. I. Nicholson, and T. D. Henry Myocardial Injury and Long-term Mortality Following Moderate to Severe Carbon Monoxide Poisoning JAMA, January 25, 2006; 295(4): 398 - 402. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. G. Tarakji, R. Brunken, P. M. McCarthy, M. O. Al-Chekakie, A. Abdel-Latif, C. E. Pothier, E. H. Blackstone, and M. S. Lauer Myocardial Viability Testing and the Effect of Early Intervention in Patients With Advanced Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction Circulation, January 17, 2006; 113(2): 230 - 237. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Weiss and P. T. Costa Jr Domain and Facet Personality Predictors of All-Cause Mortality Among Medicare Patients Aged 65 to 100 Psychosom Med, September 1, 2005; 67(5): 724 - 733. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. J. Thomas, L. E. Eberly, G. Davey Smith, J. D. Neaton, J. Stamler, and for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Re Race/Ethnicity, Income, Major Risk Factors, and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Am J Public Health, August 1, 2005; 95(8): 1417 - 1423. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Bhatia, L. L. Robison, L. Francisco, A. Carter, Y. Liu, M. Grant, K. S. Baker, H. Fung, J. G. Gurney, P. B. McGlave, et al. Late mortality in survivors of autologous hematopoietic-cell transplantation: report from the Bone Marrow Transplant Survivor Study Blood, June 1, 2005; 105(11): 4215 - 4222. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. O. O'Neill, J. B. Young, C. E. Pothier, and M. S. Lauer Peak Oxygen Consumption as a Predictor of Death in Patients With Heart Failure Receiving {beta}-Blockers Circulation, May 10, 2005; 111(18): 2313 - 2318. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. W. Lytle, E. H. Blackstone, J. F. Sabik, P. Houghtaling, F. D. Loop, and D. M. Cosgrove The Effect of Bilateral Internal Thoracic Artery Grafting on Survival During 20 Postoperative Years Ann. Thorac. Surg., December 1, 2004; 78(6): 2005 - 2014. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S. Chen, E. H. Blackstone, C. E. Pothier, and M. S. Lauer Heart Rate Recovery and Impact of Myocardial Revascularization on Long-Term Mortality Circulation, November 2, 2004; 110(18): 2851 - 2857. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. O. O'Neill, J. B. Young, C. E. Pothier, and M. S. Lauer Severe frequent ventricular ectopy after exercise as a predictor of death in patients with heart failure J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 18, 2004; 44(4): 820 - 826. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Brener, B. W. Lytle, I. P. Casserly, J. P. Schneider, E. J. Topol, and M. S. Lauer Propensity Analysis of Long-Term Survival After Surgical or Percutaneous Revascularization in Patients With Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease and High-Risk Features Circulation, May 18, 2004; 109(19): 2290 - 2295. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. J. Potterat, D. D. Brewer, S. Q. Muth, R. B. Rothenberg, D. E. Woodhouse, J. B. Muth, H. K. Stites, and S. Brody Mortality in a Long-term Open Cohort of Prostitute Women Am. J. Epidemiol., April 15, 2004; 159(8): 778 - 785. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. V. Patel, K. Eschbach, L. A. Ray, and K. S. Markides Evaluation of Mortality Data for Older Mexican Americans: Implications for the Hispanic Paradox Am. J. Epidemiol., April 1, 2004; 159(7): 707 - 715. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. P. Vivekananthan, E. H. Blackstone, C. E. Pothier, and M. S. Lauer Heart rate recovery after exercise is apredictor of mortality, independent of the angiographic severity of coronary disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 3, 2003; 42(5): 831 - 838. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. P. Frolkis, C. E. Pothier, E. H. Blackstone, and M. S. Lauer Frequent Ventricular Ectopy after Exercise as a Predictor of Death N. Engl. J. Med., February 27, 2003; 348(9): 781 - 790. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Gragoudas, W. Li, M. Goitein, A. M. Lane, J. E. Munzenrider, and K. M. Egan Evidence-Based Estimates of Outcome in Patients Irradiated for Intraocular Melanoma Arch Ophthalmol, December 1, 2002; 120(12): 1665 - 1671. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. H. Saydah, M. S. Eberhardt, C. M. Loria, and F. L. Brancati Age and the Burden of Death Attributable to Diabetes in the United States Am. J. Epidemiol., October 15, 2002; 156(8): 714 - 719. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. E. Tarver-Carr, N. R. Powe, M. S. Eberhardt, T. A. LaVeist, R. S. Kington, J. Coresh, and F. L. Brancati Excess Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease among African-American versus White Subjects in the United States: A Population-Based Study of Potential Explanatory Factors J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., September 1, 2002; 13(9): 2363 - 2370. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J. Pereira, M. S. Lauer, M. Bashir, I. Afridi, E. H. Blackstone, W. J. Stewart, P. M. McCarthy, J. D. Thomas, and C. R. Asher Survival after aortic valve replacement forsevere aortic stenosis with low transvalvular gradients and severe left ventricular dysfunction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 17, 2002; 39(8): 1356 - 1363. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. C. Hilton, G. W. Fellingham, and J. L. Lyon Suicide Rates and Religious Commitment in Young Adult Males in Utah Am. J. Epidemiol., March 1, 2002; 155(5): 413 - 419. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Watanabe, M. Thamilarasan, E. H. Blackstone, J. D. Thomas, and M. S. Lauer Heart Rate Recovery Immediately After Treadmill Exercise and Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction as Predictors of Mortality: The Case of Stress Echocardiography Circulation, October 16, 2001; 104(16): 1911 - 1916. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. H. Saydah, M. Miret, J. Sung, C. Varas, D. Gause, and F. L. Brancati Postchallenge Hyperglycemia and Mortality in a National Sample of U.S. Adults Diabetes Care, August 1, 2001; 24(8): 1397 - 1402. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. A. Diaz, R. C. Brunken, E. H. Blackstone, C. E. Snader, and M. S. Lauer Independent contribution of myocardial perfusion defects to exercise capacity and heart rate recovery for prediction of all-cause mortality in patients with known or suspected coronary heart disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 1, 2001; 37(6): 1558 - 1564. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. O. Nishime, C. R. Cole, E. H. Blackstone, F. J. Pashkow, and M. S. Lauer Heart Rate Recovery and Treadmill Exercise Score as Predictors of Mortality in Patients Referred for Exercise ECG JAMA, September 20, 2000; 284(11): 1392 - 1398. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. D. Sesso, R. S. Paffenbarger, and I-M. Lee Comparison of National Death Index and World Wide Web Death Searches Am. J. Epidemiol., July 15, 2000; 152(2): 107 - 111. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Robbins, G. Francis, F. J. Pashkow, C. E. Snader, K. Hoercher, J. B. Young, and M. S. Lauer Ventilatory and Heart Rate Responses to Exercise : Better Predictors of Heart Failure Mortality Than Peak Oxygen Consumption Circulation, December 14, 1999; 100(24): 2411 - 2417. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. R. Cole, E. H. Blackstone, F. J. Pashkow, C. E. Snader, and M. S. Lauer Heart-Rate Recovery Immediately after Exercise as a Predictor of Mortality N. Engl. J. Med., October 28, 1999; 341(18): 1351 - 1357. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. S. SMITH and H. G. WATTS Current Concepts Review - Methods for Locating Missing Patients for the Purpose of Long-Term Clinical Studies J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., March 1, 1998; 80(3): 431 - 8. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. L. Dannenberg, J. G. McNeil, J. F. Brundage, and R. Brookmeyer Suicide and HIV Infection: Mortality Follow-up of 4147 HIV-Seropositive Military Service Applicants JAMA, December 4, 1996; 276(21): 1743 - 1746. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Coope, N. Shulman, E. Tuttle Jr, G. Entwisle, A. Apostolides, A. Oberman, H. W. Schnaper, E. H. Kass, J. O. Taylor, B. F. Polk, et al. Persistence of Reduction in Blood Pressure and Mortality of Participants in the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program JAMA, April 8, 1988; 259(14): 2113 - 2122. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|