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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 117, No. 3: 281-291
Copyright © 1983 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

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FREQUENCY OF NON-HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION AROUND CONCEPTION AND ASSOCIATION WITH CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS IN OFFSPRING

MICHAEL B. BRACKEN and KATHY VITA

From the Depts. of Epidemiology and Public Health, and Obsterics and Gynecology, Yale U. Medical School 60 College St., New Haven CT 06510.

(Reprint requests to Dr. Bracken.)

Bracken, M. B. (Dept. of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale U. School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510) and K. Vita. Frequency of non-hormonal contraception around conception and association with congenital malformations in offspring. Am J Epidemiol 1983; 117: 281–91.

A case-control study using data on deliveries in the mid-1970s at five Connecticut hospitals (cases, n = 1427; controls, n = 3001) found little relationship between delivery of a malformed infant and use by the mother of non-hormonal contraceptive methods at conception. Of particular interest was the lack of an association with use of the rhythm method (odds ratio (OR) = 1.02, 95% confidence limits (CL) = 0.73, 1.42), spermicides (OR = 1.26, 95% CL = 0.85, 1.85)at conception and a modest association for the intrauterine device (IUD) one week before conception (OR = 1.99, 95% CL = 0.98, 4.04). Continued use of the IUD after conception may further increase the risk for malformations but this observation was statistically unreliable in the present study. Mothers of newborns with cleft lip and palate (OR = 2.91) and congenital hy-drocele (OR = 4.64) were more frequent rhythm users at conception, and mothers of newborns with multiple anomalies had more recent IUD exposure (OR = 9.87), but these and all other specific congenital malformation groups were not significantly related to any non-hormonal contraceptive after adjustment for multiple observations. Potentially confounding maternal risk factors were controlled.

congenital defects; contraception; contraceptive devices; intrauterine devices; spermatocidal agents


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