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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 113, No. 6: 681-690
Copyright © 1981 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

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WATER COMPOSITION IN THE ETIOLOGY OF ANENCEPHALUS1

J. MARK ELWOOD2 and ANDREW J. COLDMAN

2Reprint requests to Dr. Elwood, Division of Epidemiology, Cancer Control Agency of British Columbia, #700-686 West Broadway, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1G1, Canada.

Elwood, J. M. (Cancer Control Agency of British Columbia, #700–686 W. Broadway, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1G1, Canada) and A. J. Coldman. Water composition in the etiology of anencephalus. Am J Epidemiol 1981; 113: 681–90.

This case-control study was based on 468 deaths from anencephalus and a random sample of 4129 livebirths occurring during 1969 to 1972 to mothers resident in 142 localities of over 10, 000 population in Canada. Anencephalus risk was associated with the previous pregnancy history of the mother, with legitimacy, year of birth and with the longitude of the mother's residence, but after adjusting for these there was no significant association seen with locality population size, mean Income, the proportion of women employed, latitude, or with the concentrations in drinking water of any of 14 elements: calcium, magnesium, copper, lithium, zinc, nickle, lead, selenium, mercury, chromium, silver, cobalt, cadmium and molybdenum.

anencephalus; birth defects; magnesium; water supply

1From the Department of Health Care and Epidemiology, University of British Columbia, and Division of Epidemiology, Cancer Control Agency of British Columbia.


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