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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 110, No. 2: 178-187
Copyright © 1979 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

research-article

GROSS DIFFERENCES OBSERVED IN THE PLACENTAS OF SMOKERS AND NONSMOKERS

ROBERTA E CHRISTIANSON1,

1 Child Health and Development Studies, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley

Reprint requests to Child Health and Development Studies, 3867 Howe St, Oakland, CA 94611

Gross placental characteristics of 7651 smokers and nonsmokers are compared in light of the previous finding that placentas of smokers are heavier for the weight of their fetuses than are those of nonsmokers. Subchorionic fibrin deposits and placental calcification are more prevalent in the placentas of smokers than in those of nonsmokers. While mean placental weights and placental weight distributions for light and heavy smokers combined do not differ from those of nonsmokers, other placental measurements do differ. Smokers have thinner, rounder placentas than nonsmokers and the distance from the edge of rupture of the membranes to the placental margin is reduced among smokers. These findings are discussed in relation to placental changes observed at high altitudes and complications of pregnancy that differ for smokers and nonsmokers.

altitude; birth weight; ethnic groups; hypoxia; placenta; pregnancy complications; smoking


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