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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 105, No. 4: 337-343
Copyright © 1977 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

other

CHOLERA IN PORTUGAL, 1974

I. MODES OF TRANSMISSION

PAUL A. BLAKE1,, MARK L. ROSENBERG1,, JOSE BANDEIRA COSTA2, PEDRO SOARES FERREIRA3, CESAR LEVY. GUIMARAES4 and EUGENE J. GANGAROSA1,

1Enteric Diseases Branch, Bacterial Diseases Division Bureau of Epidemiology, Center for Disease Control Atlanta, GA 30333
2Directorate General of Health Lisbon, Portugal
3Faro Unit, Institute of Marine Biology Faro, Portugal
4Faro District Health Department Faro, Portugal

address for reprint requests.

In April-November 1974, Portugal had a cholera epidemic caused by Vibrio cholerae El Tor Inaba with 2467 bacteriologically confirmed hospitalized cases and 48 deaths. Most of the country was affected, with 17 of the 18 districts reporting cases. V. cholerae was isolated from 42 per cent of shellfish tested during the epidemic, and an epidemiologic study found that a history of consumption of raw or poorly cooked cockles was significantly more common among cholera patients than among paired controls. Water from a spring and a brand of commercially bottled water were also found to be vehicles of transmission of cholera. Although night soil was sometimes used on gardens, consumption of raw fruits and vegetables was not associated with illness.

cholera; epidemics; mineral waters; shellfish; Vibrio cholerae; water pollution


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